Psychotherapy Flashcards
how can psychotherapies be classified?
behavioural
cognitive
psychoanalytical
what methods are included in behavioural therapies?
exposure relaxation training systemic desensitisation response prevention social skills training CBT
what is an indication for exposure therapy and describe it
phobias - the anxiety-stimulating object is presented to the patient in vivo or in imagination until there is habituation
give an indication for relaxation training and describe it
mild/moderate anxiety
exercises and breathing exercises to gradually relax muscle groups
links relaxed state with images of nice stuff in the mind that can be recalled in future to induce relaxed state
five an indication for systemic desensitization and describe it
phobias
graded exposure of stimulus e.g. from imagined spider to real spider in arachnophobia until habituation is achieved at each step up
what are the indications for response prevention and describe it
obsessional thoughts
exposure to anxiety-stimulating stimulus. the patient is then prevented from carrying out the usual compulsive response until the urge to do so has passed
what are the indications for social skills training and describe it
patients with social deficits due to a psych condition
analysis of patient’s behaviour on video etc, then pt taught more socially acceptable ways pf behaving
what is CBT?
when behavioural and cognitive therapies are used together.
aims to change thought patterns and maladaptive behaviours
what are the cognitive distortions in the cognitive theory?
arbitrary inference
selective abstraction
overgeneralization
magnification and minimization
what are the 6 phases of CBT?
Assessment Reconceptualization Skills acquisition Skills consolidation and application training Generalization and maintenance Post-treatment assessment follow-up
describe the process of CBT
patient identifies cognitive distortions through keeping diary etc
patient examines the evidence for/against their ideas
pt encouraged to take part in activities that interest them or which they gave up at the onset of depression/anxiety
in this way, cognitive restructuring takes place when the pt is able to identify and change the distorted thoughts and associated behaviour
what is CBT used for?
anxiety panic disorder phobias depression bipolar stress OCD bulimia PTSD schizophrenia
lots!
what are the GENERAL indications for CBT?
when the pt prefers psychological interventions
medications arent helping
ADRs on medications
significant psychosocial problems are present which cannot be improved by medication alone
what are the indications for counselling?
brief anxiety disorders
current problems and stress
in response to upsetting life events etc.
