Psychotropic Meds Flashcards by Megan Miller

Q

antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics, tranquilizers) treat what

A

psychotic symptoms, most frequently used for schizophrenia, available in decanoate forms that can be injected every 2-4 weeks, phenothiazine derivatives are frequently mentioned

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: symptoms most likely to respond include

A

POSITIVE SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOSIS
-agitation, hallucinations, sleep disturbance, tension, combative/belligerent behavior, paranoid behavior, disorganized thinking

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: symptoms least likely to respond include

A

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS
-impaired judgement, lack of insight, weight gain, withdrawal, poor motivation

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: side effects (general)

A

-sedation
-postural hypertension
-weight gain
-photosensitivity
-sexual dysfunction
-breast swelling (gynecomastia)
-anticholinergic side effects
-tardive dyskinesia
-extra pyramidal symptoms
-acute dystonia reactions
-neuroleptic malignant syndrome

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: anticholinergic side effects

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary hesitation, constipation
-block/inhibit the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: tardive dyskinesia side effects

A

involuntary movements of the tongue/lips/face/jaw, and twitching, snakelike movement of extremities, can persist indefinitely after stopping
-prevention-limit exposure to antipsychotics, no cure; vitamin E can help

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS)

A

Parkinsonian syndrome, triad of signs including tremors, rigidity, slowed movement; cogwheel feel to joints, masklike faces/diminished expressiveness (akinesia), treat side effects with Artane, Cogentin, Benadryl
-akathisia (compulsion to be in motion); purposeless motor movement, treat by lowering dose of antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: acute dystonic reactions

A

involuntary muscle spasms, tightening of mouth/jaw/neck, oculogyric crisis (eyes involuntarily look in different directions)
-treat with benzodiazepines, antihistamines, Cogentin

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

antipsychotic drugs: neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

**medical emergency, starts after starting narcoleptic, symptoms include fever, muscle rigidity, mental status change, tachycardia; treatment-stop meds and seek immediate medical attention

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

thorazine

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

mellaril

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

stelazine

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

prolixin

A

antipsychotic; also available as injectable (Prolixin D)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

havane

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

haldol

A

antipsychotic; also available as an injectable (haldol D)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

chlorpromazine

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

thioridazine

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

trifluoperazine

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

fluphenazine

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

thiotrixene

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

haloperidol

A

antipsychotic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

atypical antipsychotics effective for what symptoms

A

negative symptoms, have less extrapyramidal symptoms, lower risk for tardive dyskinesia

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

clozapine (clozaril)

A

atypical antipsychotic
-different action
-common side effects: increase saliva production/drooling, sedation, nausea, hypotension/dizziness, tachycardia, weight gain, increased risk of seizures
-no reported tardive dyskinesia
-useful with treatment resistant patients

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

reperidone (Risperdal)

A

atypical antipsychotic
-also available as injectable
-sedation most prominent side effect (increases with dose)
-infrequent side effects-headache, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, palpitations, nervousness
-no reported tardive dyskinesia
-question of relief of both positive and negative symptoms

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

ariprazole (abilify)

newer antipsychotic

ziprasidone (geodon)

newer antipsychotic

quetiapine (seroquel)

newer antipsychotic

olarizapine (zyprexa/zyprexa reprev-available as injectable)

newer antipsychotic

asenapine (saphis)

newer antipsychotic

paliperidone palmitate (invega sustenna-available as injectable or sublingual tablets)

newer antipsychotic

iloperidone (fanapt)

newer antipsychotic

antidepressant drugs: tricyclic antidepressants general info

-contraindicated for certain heart disease -lethal in OD, SSRIs safer for clients with SI -2-3 weeks to see effect -can monitor blood levels

antidepressant drugs: tricyclic antidepressants side effects

-autonomic, anticholinergic -cardiovascular (tachycardia, change in EKG rhythms) -precipitation of hypomania/rapid cycling for bipolar

imipramine (Tofranil)

common tricyclic antidepressants

amitriptyline (elavil)

common tricyclic antidepressants

notriptyline

common tricyclic antidepressants

desipramire

common tricyclic antidepressants

doxepin

common tricyclic antidepressants

antidepressants: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)-side effects

hypertension with high doses or also taking a TCA or stimulant, consuming high tyramine food

antidepressants: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) adverse drug reactions

stimulants, appetite suppressants, cold remedies, cocaine derivatives (novacain), TCA's, anything that increases blood pressure levels

antidepressants: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) dietary restrictions

aged foods/high in tyramine, beer/wine/ale, cheese, pickled/smoked fish, beef/chicken liver, sausage, yeast supplements

phenetzine (Nardil)

antidepressants: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

tranylcypromine (parnate)

antidepressants: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

isocarboxazid (marplan)

antidepressants: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

antidepressants: second generation antidepressants- general info

similar efficacy to MAOIs/TCAs, different side effects/adverse effects

amoxapine (Asendin)

second generation antidepressants

trazadone (desyrel)

second generation antidepressants; can also be used for sleep

maprotiline (ludiomil)

second generation antidepressants

bupropion (wellbutrin)

second generation antidepressants

venlafaxine (effexor)

second generation antidepressants

nafazodone (serzone)

second generation antidepressants

antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)-general info

therapeutic effects similar to TCAs, less toxic and safer to heart than TCAs

antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)- side effects

dose related; weight loss, nausea/diarrhea, nervousness/headache/tremor/anxiety (fluoxetine), somnolence (paroxetine), sexual dysfunction long term

fuoxetine (prozac)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

sertraline (zoloft)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

paroxetine (Paxil)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

vilazodone (vilibryd)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

antidepressants: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)- general info

-similar efficacy to TCAs, less toxic, safer in OD than TCAs

antidepressants: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)- side effects

dose related; dry mouth, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, nervousness, insomnia, high blood pressure, sexual probs

duloxetine (cymbalta)

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

desvenlafaxine (pristiq)

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

lithium

mood stabilizer; narrow therapeutic index, check blood levels to monitor kidney/thyroid function

lithium side effects

enlarged/underactive thyroid, renal/kidney function-increased urination, inhibits ability to concentrate urine, need to drink more water; gastrointestinal irritation, pain, vomiting, anorexia; CNS and neuromuscular-mental dullness, fatigue, weight gain -do not take during first trimester of pregnancy

lithium general info

-sometimes combined with antipsychotic or antidepressant, not used for unipolar depression -2+ weeks to build therapeutic level to fully contain manic episode, need to take several times a day -more effective for mania than depression

carbamazepine (tegretol)

anticonvulsant used to stabilize mood -avoid during 1st trimester -may depress bone marrow function, check blood count, monitor unusual bleeding

valproic acid (depakote)

anticonvulsant used to stabilize mood -effective for rapid cycling and mixed bipolar -avoid during pregnancy

gabapentin (neurontin)

anticonvulsant used to stabilize mood

lamotrigine (lamictal)

anticonvulsant used to stabilize mood

topiramae (topomax)

anticonvulsant used to stabilize mood

meds to treat panic disorder with or without agoraphobia

TCAs, MAOIs, alprazolam (Xanax), SSRI

meds to treat OCD

TCAs, MAOIs, SSRIs (fluroxamine/luvox, sertraline/zoloft)

meds to treat specific phone/social phobia

beta blockers, paxil

benzodiazepines used to treat

generalized anxiety -safer, more effective, less abuse potential than barbiturates

benzodiazepines: side effects

impaired muscle coordination, impairment of short term memory

benzodiazepines treatment issues

chronic vs PRN, OD/abuse liability, difficult to stop, withdrawal, drug used most often in ODs

diazepam (valium)

benzodiazepines

chlordiazepoxide (librium)

benzodiazepines

lorazepam (ativan)

benzodiazepines

clorazepate (tranexene)

benzodiazepines

barbiturates (anxiolytic/minor tranquilizer)

high abuse potential, safety issues, hard to find therapeutic dose, danger when combined with alcohol

antipsychotics for anxiety

no more effective than benzos, problematic side effects, combine with anxiolytic for psychotic clients with high anxiety

buspirone (buspar)

anxiolytic/minor tranquilizer can be used to treat anxiety; 2-6 weeks for effect, need to take daily not PRN

flurazepam (dalmane)

benzo used for sleep

triazolam (halcion)

benzo used for sleep

temazepam (restoril)

benzo used for sleep

eszopicione (lunesta)

hypnotics used for sleep

zolpidem (ambien)

hypnotics used for sleep

zaleplon (sonata)

hypnotics used for sleep

ramelton (rozerem)

hypnotics used for sleep

methylphenidate (ritalin and concerta)

used for hyperactivity in kids, psychostimulant

amphetamine (adderall)

psychostimulant

pemoline (cylert)

psychostimulant

lisdexamfetamine (vyvanse)

psychostimulant