Psycopathology

Question 1

two-process model:

Answer 1

behavioural approach (to explaining phobias) assumes that phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning

Question 2

Watson and Raynor experiment:

Answer 2

-little albert experiment
-classical condition example

Question 3

Di Gallo research:

Answer 3

-20% of people experiencing traumatic car accidents developed a phobia of travelling cars

Question 4

classical conditioning:

Answer 4

-involuntary reflex response is associated with a new stimulus
-how we acquire a phobia

Question 5

operant conditioning:

Answer 5

-learning new voluntary and complex behaviour
-learning through consequence

Question 6

reinforcement:

Answer 6

rewarded behaviour, makes it more likely

Question 7

punishment:

Answer 7

weakens or stops undesirable behaviour by presenting something unpleasant whenever the undesirable behaviour is shown

Question 8

positive reinforcement

Answer 8

giving something positive, rewarding

Question 9

negative reinforcement:

Answer 9

addition of stimulus so is repeated to avoid the unpleasant stimulus

Question 10

primary reinforcer:

Answer 10

-naturally learned
-satisfies basic human needs

Question 11

secondary reinforcer:

Answer 11

become reinforced by learning, means of obtaining a primary

Question 12

positive punishment:

Answer 12

weakens or stops undesirable behaviour by presenting something unpleasant or painful whenever the undesirable behaviour is shown

Question 13

negative punishment:

Answer 13

removing something unpleasant after undesirable behaviour

Question 14

behavioural approach to treating phobias:

Answer 14

systematic desensitisation and flooding

Question 15

Barlow research- SD

Answer 15

60-90% of patients show improvements from systematic desensitisation