PSYD13 Delkurs 1 - Memory Flashcards

Question

Serial position effect?

Answer 1

The ability to recall an item is influenced by the item's position in a series

Answer 2

Structural (shallow), phonemic (deeper) and semantic (deepest) - ex. 1. Is the word in capital letters? 2. Does the word rhyme with course? 3. Does the word fit into the sentence?

Answer 3

The concept states that the more deeply we process information, the better we will remember it. However, let's not forget that if asked which words rhymed, the people how were asked about the rhyming will remember best

Answer 4

Encoding information using both verbal and visual codes enhances memory because the odds improve that at least on of the codes will be available to later to support recall

Answer 5

A memory aid that associates information with mental images of physical locations, ex. guy that memorised cards by placing them in a house

Answer 6

A memory aid

Answer 7

A mental framework, an organised pattern of thought about some aspect of the world, ex. acquiring expertise in a skill is done through schemas, like reading a sheet of music

Answer 8

A massive network of associated ideas and concepts

Answer 9

Each memory is represented by a unique pattern of interconnected and simultaneously activated nodes

Answer 10

Conscious or intentional memory retrieval, as when you consciously recognise or recall something

Answer 11

When memory influences our behaviour without conscious awareness, ex. HM was able to form a procedural memory for performing the mirror-tracing task, although he had no conscious awareness of having learned it

Answer 12

A stimulus whether internal or external, that activates information stored in LTM

Answer 13

Memory of the events of one's life

Answer 14

Recollections that seems so vivid, so clear, that we can picture them as if they were snapshots of moments in time, ex. 9/11, everyone remembers what they were doing

Answer 15

Memory is enhanced when conditions present during retrieval match those that were present during encoding,

Answer 16

It typically is easier to remember something in the same environment in which it was originally encoded, ex. scuba divers

Answer 17

Our ability to retrieve information is greater when our internal state at the time of retrieval matches our original state during learning, ex. jogger who was raped while out jogging remembered it (arousal while jogging)

Answer 18

We tend to recall information or events that are congruent with our current mood

Answer 19

With time and disuse the long-term physical memory trace in the nervous system fades away

Answer 20

We forget information because other items in LTM impair out ability to retrieve it

Answer 21

Occurs when material learned in the past interferes with recall of newer material, ex. learn spanish -> learn french -> spanish interfere w recall of french

Answer 22

Occurs when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to recall information learned at an earlier time, ex. learn spanish -> learn french -> french interferes w recall of spanish

Answer 23

We cannot recall something but feel that we are one the verge of remembering it

Answer 24

Reminiscence! The decay theory says that memory decays over time, however reminiscence contradicts this theory - ex. how do actors remember their lines from 2 years ago?

Answer 25

A motivational process that protects us by blocking the conscious recall of anxiety-arousing memories

Answer 26

Why do we forget positive memories? Is forgetting negative and even traumatic events an encoding failure?

Answer 27

Remembering to perform an activity in the future, ex. cues like "remember to take the trash with you on your way out

Answer 28

Memory loss for events that took place some time in life before the onset of amnesia, i.e. ouch hippocampus = forgets from before leisure

Answer 29

Memory loss for events that occur after the initial onset of amnesia, i.e. cannot encode new memories after leisure

Answer 30

Impaired memory and other cognitive deficits that accompany brain degeneration and interfere with normal functioning

Answer 31

A progressive brain disorder that is the most common cause of dementia among adults over the age of 65

Answer 32

Memory loss for early experiences

Answer 33

The distortion of a memory by misleading post-event information, ex. how fast were you driving when you (crashed vs bumped) into each other?

Answer 34

Our tendency to recall something or recognise it as familiar but forget where we encountered it, ex. suggestive statements after a crime "the burglar had a gun"

Answer 35

Americans and europeans are learnt to be more individualistic compared to the western world. In one experiment participants from different cultures were asked about their first memory - Chinese participants had more family events than American participants

Answer 36

A gradual process by which the brain transfers information into the LTM

Answer 37

Enduring increase in synaptic strength

Answer 38

When you better remember information that was presented last in a material or event

Answer 39

When you better remember information that was presented first in a material or event

Answer 40

States that the concentration of a crime witness's attention on a weapon, and the resultant reduction in ability to remember details of the crime

Answer 41

Failure to detect changes in the visual environment. Example: Experimenter switch in the middle of pedestrian giving directions