PSYO Final Flashcards
(65 cards)
Memory
Ability to store and use information
Explicit Memory
Memory that enters conscious awareness.
Usually asked to recall something.
- Semantic memory
- Episodic
Implicit Memory
Memory that doesn’t necessarily enter conscious awareness.
- How we know how to do things.
- Non-declarative memory
- Usually asked to do something
- Procedural memory
- Priming
Rehearsal
Keeping things in short-term memory by working on it, such as remembering a phone number without writing it down
Sensory Memory
Unattended information is lost. Large capacity, short duration. (middle capacity, shortest duration) Takes in a lot of info from all senses. (eyes, nose, touch, hear, taste) Holds info in original sensory form for short period.
Short-term Memory
Unrehearsed information is lost. Small capacity, short duration. (Smallest capacity, middle duration) Working memory. Needed to attend and solve problem at hand.
Long-term Memory
Some information may be lost over time.
Very high capacity, longest duration.
New things constantly being added.
Iconic Memory
Sensory Memory
Visual information
- Duration = 1/3 sec
Echoic memory
Audio information
- Duration = 2 sec
Chunking
Breaking down a list of items into a smaller set of meaningful units
3 stores of working memory
Visuospatial
Phonological
Episodic
3 processes of working memory
Attending
Storing
Rehearsing
Serial Position Effect
- Primary Effect
Items in long-term memory
Serial Position Effect
- Recency Effect
Items in working memory
Stages in long-term memory
- 1. Encoding
Effortful and automatic Levels of processing - Depth of encoding Mnemonic device Dual coding theory
Stages in long-term memory
- 2. Consolidation
Sleep important
Stages in long-term memory
- 3. Storage
Hierarchies
Schemas
Associative network
Stages in long-term memory
- 4. Retrieval
Remembering a birthday
Emotional Memory
Easier to recall than factual ones.
Emotions help encode and retrieve memories,
Flashbulb memories
Interference
Disruption of memory due to presence of competing information
Retroactive Interference
New experiences cause forgetting of previously learned information
Proactive interference
Previous experiences interfere with learning of new information
Transience
Forgetting due to fleeting nature of memory.
Also called decay
Absent-mindedness
An inability to retrieve stored information.
Tip-of-tongue phenomenon
