PT 608 - Cervical & TMJ Flashcards by Emma Laird

Platysma

O: Skin over edge of mandible
I: Skin over clavicles
N: Facial nerve (CN VII)
A: Tenses skin on neck (facial expression)

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Longus Capitis

O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: Occipital bone
N: Segmental cervical ventral rami
A: Flexes head & neck

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Longus Colli

O: (vertical) lower cervical vertebrae
(upper oblique) Upper cervical vertebrae
(lower oblique) Lower cervical vertebrae

I: (vertical) upper cervical vertebrae
(upper oblique) mid-cervical transverse processes
(lower oblique) Mid-cervical transverse processes

N: Segmental ventral rami
A: Flexes neck

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Rectus capitis anterior

O: Atlas
I: occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-C2
A: Flexes head

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Rectus capitis lateralis

O: Atlas
I: occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-C2
A: Lateral flexion of head

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Anterior Scalene

O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: 1st rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 1st rib
    (2) Laterally flex the neck

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Middle Scalene

O: All cervical transverse processes 
I: 1st rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 1st rib
    (2) Laterally flex the neck

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Posterior Scalene

O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: 2nd rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 2nd rib
    (2) Laterally flex the neck

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Sternocleidomastoid

O: (1) Manubrium
     (2) Medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: Mastoid process
N: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
A: (1) Flex neck
    (2) Rotates head to opposite side

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What are the 4 strap muscles?

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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Omohyoid

O: (inferior belly) Superior margin of scapula
(superior belly) Hyoid bone
I: Intermediate tendon that attaches to posterior clavicle & 1st rib via fascial sling
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & Swallowing

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Sternohyoid

O: Manubrium
I: Hyoid bone
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing

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Sternothyroid

O: Manubrium
I: Thyroid cartilage
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing

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Thyrohyoid

O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Hyoid bone
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing

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Masseter

O: Zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of mandible
N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)
A: (1) Close mandible
    (2) Protract mandible
    (3) Deep fibers, retract mandible

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Temporalis

O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process of mandible
N: Mandibulr divsion of CN V (V3) 
A: (1) Closes mandible
    (2) Retracts mandible

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Lateral Pterygoid

O: Lateral pterygoid plate (lateral surface)

I: (1) neck of mandible

(2) TMJ capsule
(3) Articular disc

N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)

A: Opens mandible (depression) & Protracts mandible

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Medial Pterygoid

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O: Lateral pterygoid plate (medial surface)

I: inner surface of the ramus of the mandible

N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)

Ax: Closes mandible

Trapezius

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O: (1) Medial part of superior nuchal line

 (2) Ligamentum nuchae
 (3) Thoracic spinous processes
 (4) Supraspinous ligament

I: (1) Lateral part of the clavicle

(2) Acromion
(3) Spine of the scapula

N: Motor rami from spinal portion of CN XI

Ax: Acting as a whole the trapezius rotates the scapula upward; UT = Rotates scapula upward MT= retracts scapula LT = Depresses and upwardly rotates scapula

Latissimus Dorsi

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O: (1) Spinous processes of T7 - T12

 (2) Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
 (3) Crest of ilium
 (4) Lower 3-4 ribs
 (5) Inferior angle of scapula

I: Floor of bicipital groove of humerus

N: Thoracodorsal nerve

Ax: Shoulder extension, IR, adduction // Also contributes to scapular depressoin and retraction

Levator Scapulae

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O: Transverse processes of C1-C4

I: Vertebral border between the spine and the superior angle of the scapula

Nv: Dorsal scapular nerve

Ax: Elevation of scapula & downward rotation of scapula

Rhomboid Minor

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O: Spinous processes of C7 - T1

I: Vertebral border of scapula at base of scap spine

Nv: Dorsal scapular nerve

Ax: Downward rotation, retraction & elevation of scapula

Splenius Cervicis

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O: Spinous processes T3 - T6

I: Transverse processes C1-C3

Nv: Dorsal Rami

Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Rotates head to same side

Splenius capitis

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O: (1) Spinous processes C7 - T4
(2) Ligamentum nuchae

I: (1) Mastoid process
(2) Lateral part of superior nuchal line

Nv: Dorsal rami

Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Rotates head to the same side

Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Cervicis

O: Upper ribs I: Cervical transverse processes Nv: Dorsal rami Ax: Bilateral = neck/thoracic extension Unilateral = Lateral flexion of trunk Eccentric control against gravity

Erector Spinae Longissimus Cervicis

O: Upper 4-6 thoracic transverse processes I: Transverse processes of C2-C6 Nv: Dorsal Rami Ax: Bilateral = neck extension Unilateral = Lateral flexion of neck Controls the neck/upper trunk eccentrically against gravity

Erector Spinae Longissimus Capitis

O: Upper cervical transverse processes I: Mastoid process Nv: Dorsal Rami Ax: Bilateral = Extends the neck Unilateral = Lateral flexion of neck Eccentrically controls flexion against gravity

Erector Spinae Spinalis

O: Lower thoracic SP I: Upper thoracic SP Nv: Dorsal Rami Ax: Bilateral = extends back Unilateral = Lateral flexion of trunk Eccentrically controls flexion against gravity

Semispinalis Thoracis

O: Thoracic transverse processes I: Spinous processes 4-6 segments above origin Nv: Dorsal Rami Ax: Rotation to the opposite side ** FIbers run upward from lateral to medial **

Semispinalis Cervicis

O: Cervical transverse processes I: Spinous processes 4-6 segments above origin Nv: Dorsal rami Ax: Rotation to the opposite side ** Fibers run upward from lateral to medial **

Semispinalis Capitis

O: Lower cervical transverse processes I: Space between superior and inferior nuchal lines Nv: Dorsal rami Ax: Rotation to the opposite side ** Fibers run vertically **

What muscles are included in the transversospinalis muscle group?

- Multifidus - Rotatores - Semispinalis Thoracis - Semispinalis Cervicis - Semispinalis Capitis

What is the common action of the transversospinalis muscle group?

Rotation to the oppposite side

Multifidus

O: Transverse processes I: Spinous processes Nv: Dorsal rami Ax: Rotation to the opposite side ** Cross 2-4 spinal segments up to C2 **

Where is the Multifidus muscle most well developed and why?

Lumbar region No semispinalis musculature in the lumbar region

Rotators

O: Transverse processes I: Spinous processes Nv: Dorsal rami Ax: Rotation to the opposite side ** Cross 1-2 segments **

Segmental Muscles: Interspinales & Intertransversarii

Across adjacent vertebrae either on transverse processes or deep to spinous ligaments Nv: Dorsal rami ** Only found in cervical and lumbar regions, not easily visible on cadavers **

What are the 4 suboccipital muscles?

1. Obliquus Capitis Inferior 2. Obliquus Capitis Superior 3. Rectus Capitis Posterior major 4. Rectus Capitis Posterior minor

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

O: Spinous process of C2 I: Transverse process of C1 Nv: Suboccipital nerve Ax: Rotates atlas and head to same side

Obliquus Capitis Superior

O: Transverse process of C1 I: Near inferior nuchal line Nv: Suboccipital nerve Ax: Bilateral = extends neck Unilateral = lateral flexion of neck

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

O: Spinous process of C2 I: Inferior nuchal line near the middle Nv: Suboccipital nerve Ax: Extends neck

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

O: Posterior tubercle of C1 I: Partially under cover of RCPmajor near the inferior nuchal line Nv: Suboccipital nerve Ax: Extends the neck

What nerve innervates the suboccipital muscles

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

PT 608 - Cervical & TMJ Flashcards

(43 cards)