Pt care, DXA, Fluoro, CR/DR

Question 1

Can distance from tube to pt in DXA be adjusted?

Answer 1

no It is fixed

Question 2

Should additional shielding be used in DXA? Why?

Answer 2

No, it can interfere with the machine and measurement results

Question 3

What are the 3 statistics used in bone densitometry?

Answer 3

Mean, standard deviation, %Coefficient of variation

Question 4

What are the most important performance measurement in Bone Density?

Answer 4

Precision and accuracy

Question 5

How can precision be measured in DXA?

Answer 5

by use of Phantom

Question 6

What does Z-scores and T scores measure?

Answer 6

Measures the bone mineral density of pt compared to the referenced population

Question 7

Database is separated by _ and provide the _ and _ at each age

Answer 7

gender, BMD, standard deviation

Question 8

How do you calculate Z score?

Answer 8

measured BMD - age matched BMD / age matched standard deviation

Question 9

What is the formula for T score calculation?

Answer 9

measured BMD - young adult BMD mean/ Young adult standard deviation

Question 10

T score can be used to assess….

Answer 10

fracture risk, osteoporosis and osteopenia

Question 11

why do you rotate the entire leg 15-25 degrees internally?

Answer 11

to bring the neck of the femur parallel to the table

Question 12

Why is the proximal femur scan the most important?

Answer 12

It can help predict future hip fractures

Question 13

Digital Fluoro pulsing of beam is called…

Answer 13

Pulse progressive fluoro

Question 14

What does pulse progressive fluoro do? (2 things)

Answer 14

Thermal reduction and Pt dose reduction

Question 15

What are some of the advantages of the digital fluoro over conventional fluoro?

Answer 15

faster image acquisition
less pt dose
Image appears continuous but distorted
post processing improves image contrast

Question 16

Image capture of digital fluoro uses _ instead of _

Answer 16

CCD, TV camera

Question 17

After CCD, digital fluoro has been updated to …

Answer 17

Flat panel image receptor

Question 18

what was wrong with the conventional video system in fluoroscopy?

Answer 18

TV camera can degrade

TV tube can cause a lot of noise

Question 19

What is the signal to noise ratio in Digital Fluoroscopy that is more useful than conventional?

Answer 19

5:1

Question 20

what precaution was introduced by CDC and what year?

Answer 20

Universal Precaution, 1985

Question 21

In the universal precaution, ALL pts are treated as potential ___

Answer 21

Reservoir

Question 22

What precaution states the following:

The system is based on the use of barriers for all contacts with blood and certain body fluids known to carry bloodborne pathogens

Answer 22

Universal Precaution

Question 23

This precaution is designed to reduce the risk of transmission of unrecognized sources of bloodborne and other pathogens in healthcare institutions

Answer 23

Standard Precaution

Question 24

There are 3 types of precautions that falls under standard precaution, what are they?

Answer 24

Airborne, Droplets, and Contact

Question 25

What can you do to reduce the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible indiv?

Answer 25

Medical Asepsis

Question 26

What causes embolism?

Answer 26

foreign object or air entering the vein

Question 27

What is abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial fluid?

Answer 27

edema

Question 28

What is the difference between extravasation and Infiltration?

Answer 28

extravasation is when the fluid leaked into the area outside of the vein Infiltration is when the solution is diffused into the surrounding area

Question 29

what should be done right away when infiltration or extravasation occur?

Answer 29

Clamp off the solution, then clamp off the IV if necessary

Question 30

Another name for Computed Radiography?

Answer 30

Photostimulable phosphors imaging

Question 31

When department is converting to digital imaging, why is computed radiography better than digital radiography?

Answer 31

Because it's much cheaper than DR, uses the same room, just add CR reader and use new imaging plate

Question 32

what part of computed radiography similar to a conventional?

Answer 32

Imaging plate

Question 33

In computed radiography, what ensures high spatial resolution in the optical portion of the CR reader?

Answer 33

laser beam size

Question 34

what is another name for DR?

Answer 34

Flat panel detector imaging

Question 35

what 2 devices can be used with the x ray absorber in Digital Radiography?

Answer 35

ThinFilm-Transistor and Charge coupled device

Question 36

what are the advantages of DR over CR?

Answer 36

Decreased image acquisition time, decreased time with patient, more patient care

Question 37

If residual latent image is not erased, (CR) what artifact can appear on subsequent images?

Answer 37

Ghosting

Question 38

what represents the depth to the information in the image?

Answer 38

Z axis

Question 39

Digital image quality is primarily influenced by the...

Answer 39

Gray Scale bit depth

Question 40

what allows for the visualization of all the shades of gray in z-axis of each pixel in the matrix? Also allow for window width and window lvl

Answer 40

Post Processing

Question 41

This function controls the image contrast and is sometimes known as the gray scale expansion or compression

Answer 41

Window width,

Question 42

What kind of relationship exists between image contrast and window width?

Answer 42

Inverse relationship

Question 43

What controls density ? what kind of relationship does it have with image density?

Answer 43

Window lvl, direct relationship

Question 44

what can be used to assist with quantum noise?

Answer 44

Incr the mAs

Question 45

What are the 4 image acquisition components of PACS?

Answer 45

CR, DR, Film digitizers, and all modalities

Question 46

what are the 4 main components of PACS?

Answer 46

Image acquisition component, Workstation component, Network Component, Storage system

Question 47

What are the differences between HIS vs RIS?

Answer 47

HIS is used for admin, financial, clinical aspects of hospital RIS is used for radiology database that sends patient's information

Question 48

What allows for the pt information to be sent to PACS and thereby connected within the systems?

Answer 48

RIS

Question 49

What can be used to register patients and send orders to RIS?

Answer 49

HIS

Question 50

what are the major advantages of digital imaging storage over the conventional film?

Answer 50

No physical space needed, images can be pulled at any workstation, less chance to lose pt files, multiple ppl can view

Question 51

What must be done if HIS fails?

Answer 51

The facility will generate manual exam orders

Question 52

What must be done if RIS fails?

Answer 52

The facility will generate manual work list

Question 53

What must be done if PACS fails?

Answer 53

Print the images or burn the images into CD for storage

Question 54

what are the 4 pt bill of rights?

Answer 54

Right to information, considerate and respectful care, refuse treatment, privacy and confidentiality

Question 55

what are some precautions to take with pediatric pts?

Answer 55

Never leave them alone, don't use medical jargon, don't leave anything for them to swallow, and always encourage them

Question 56

What are some precautions to take with geriatric pts?

Answer 56

They may have a hard time hearing, speak slowly and clearly.

Question 57

What agency provides guidelines for safety?

Answer 57

OSHA

Question 58

When fall, accident, or incident which results in injury occur, who should be informed?

Answer 58

Supervisor or Radiologist

Question 59

Geriatric pts are over..... years old

Answer 59

65

Question 60

Should you ever leave retrained pt unattended?

Answer 60

No, they may issues breathing and need readjustment of airway

Question 61

What can happen when there is a rise in ICP?

Answer 61

Seizures, loss of consciousness, or respiratory arrest

Question 62

What are early signs of ICP?

Answer 62

irritability and lethargy due to low pulse and respiration

Question 63

How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

Answer 63

Celsius = F - 32 / 1.8

Question 64

How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

Answer 64

Fahrenheit = C x 1.8 + 32

Question 65

What is a normal range of temp for oral?

Answer 65

96.8 - 99.8F (36 to 38C)

Question 66

What pt are candidates for Rectal temperature?

Answer 66

Pediatrics, Psychiatric, Unconscious pts

Question 67

What pts are candidates for Axillary temperature?

Answer 67

severe trauma or when it is the only feasible route

Question 68

what is the normal range for systolic blood pressure and what happen during this phase?

Answer 68

95-119 mm Hg, Heart contracts, blood flows through the arteries

Question 69

What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure and what happen during this phase?

Answer 69

60-79 mm Hg, Heart relaxes, blood refills the chamber

Question 70

in Hypotension, what is the diastolic number and systolic number?

Answer 70

Below 50 mm Hg for diastolic | Below 90 mm Hg for Systolic

Question 71

Describe pathologic fracture

Answer 71

A stress frx that occurs at the site of a diseased bone

Question 72

An avulsion fracture is ....

Answer 72

chip away of a bone due to joint being dislocated

Question 73

Compression frx is when....

Answer 73

When the ends of bones collapsed. Usually demonstrated in the anterior vertebral bodies

Question 74

ARRT rules of ethics mandates and set directive for

Answer 74

minimally acceptable professional conduct

Question 75

Who falls under the rules of ethics of ARRT?

Answer 75

Candidates and present technologists

Question 76

what is the goal of ARRT rules of Ethics?

Answer 76

Intended to promote the protection, safety, and comfort for pts