PT Fundamentals - Exam 1, Week 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is a gait cycle? Components of, % of those components?
1 stride, heel strike to heel strike of ipsilateral foot
stance (60%), swing (40%)
What is not needed for weight acceptance? A. Forward progression. B. Limb stability. C. Foot clearance. D. Shock absorption.
C. Foot clearance.
What is a step?
heel strike to heel strike of contralateral foot
What is cadence? and units?
Rate @ which a person walks–in steps/min
What is reference limb?
limb of interest that you base the rest of your discussion off of
What is single-limb support?
period of time when only one foot is in contact with the ground
What is double-limb support?
period of time when both feet are in contact with the ground; begins @ initial contact
What is swing limb advancement?
last task accomplished in the gait cycle
8 phases of gait cycle (Los Amigos terms):
- initial contact (begin DL support)
- loading response
- mid stance (begin SL support)
- terminal stance
- pre-swing (DL support)
- initial swing
- mid swing
- terminal swing
Stance gait cycle phases: ____ through _____
initial contact–>pre-swing
Swing gait cycle phases: ____ through ____
initial swing–>terminal swing
What do we do in Observational Gait Analysis (OGA)? Gross review of what?
Specific analysis of what?
Gross review of pt’s ambulation–>specific analysis: floor contact, ankle/foot, knee, hip, pelvis, trunk
Top 10 Ways to Improve OGA?
- learn normal gait
- communicate expectations
- unobstructed view
- select plane of observation
- select your joint of focus
- follow joint through gait cycle
- systemically repeat for all joints
- compare right/left
- use binary scoring (present/absent)
- corroborate w/ physical exam
Gait training is not just walking. What other activities/surfaces do we train w/ or on?
- stairs
- doorways
- curbs
- elevators, escalators
- crowded spaces
- turning
- side/backward stepping
Which of these should NOT be done, when
assisting a patient to ambulate?
A. Use a gait belt.
B. As therapist, have a wide BOS.
C. Challenge patient with gait pattern in their ability.
D. Guard patient from the front to provide stability.
D. Guard patient from the front to provide stability.
Steps before gait training
- prepare ahead of time
- assess pt
- determine WB status, AD use, gait pattern
- give pt instruction
- clear pathway
- train on all surfaces/activities
Describe 4-point gait pattern: AD? WB? pattern? slow/fast? stable/unstable? safe in crowded/congested areas?
- bilateral AD
- FWB
- alternating, reciprocal fwd pattern
- slow
- stable
- yes, safe
Describe 2-point gait pattern: AD? WB? pattern? slow/fast? stable/unstable?
- bilateral AD
- FWB
- simultaneous, reciprocal fwd pattern
- faster than 4-pt
- stable, similar to normal gait
Describe 3-point gait pattern: AD? WB? pattern? Need good \_\_\_ strength & \_\_\_ LE? Resemble normal gait?
- bilateral crutches/walker
- one leg–NWB, advance w/ AD
- “step to/step through”
- UE, FWB
- Yes!
Describe 3-1 gait pattern: WB on affected LE?/WB on unaffected LE? stable/unstable? energy req? slow/fast?
- PWB, FWB
- more stable than 3-pt
- low energy req, strength
- slower
Describe *mod. 4-point gait pattern:
- AD
- LE alternate
Describe *mod. 2-point gait pattern:
- AD
- LE simultaneous
Ascending stairs: process/guarding
- unaff. LE up first
- follow w/ AD/affected LE
- guard from behind on weak side
Descending stairs: process/guarding
- advance w/ AD
- follow w/ affected LE
- follow w/ unaff. LE
- guard in front on weak side
