PT in the educational environment Flashcards
(210 cards)
0
Q
Landmark decisions in the Supreme Court in the ________________ paved the way for subsequent legislation guaranteeing the rights of those with disabilities.
A
Early 1970s
1
Q
Education of children with disabilities went from ___________ to ______________ over the last _______ years.
A
Segregation; inclusion; 50
2
Q
IDEA
A
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
3
Q
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
A
- Special education and related services
- Early intervening services
- Response to intervention (RTI)
4
Q
RTI
A
Response to Intervention
5
Q
ESEA
A
Elementary and Seconday Education Act
6
Q
Education and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
A
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
7
Q
NCLB
A
No Child Left Behind
8
Q
ADA
A
Americans with Disabilities Act
9
Q
Current Laws
A
- IDEA (-RTI)
- ESEA (-NCLB)
- Section 504
- ADA
10
Q
IDEA - historical perspective
A
- PL 94-142: 1975
- PL 99-457: 1986
- added early intervention
11
Q
In ________, ____________ of IDEA became ___________.
A
1997; Part H; Part C
12
Q
Public Law 93-112 aka
A
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
13
Q
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 aka
A
Public Law 93-112
14
Q
Public Law 93-112 - Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
15
Q
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act states
A
No discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance
16
Q
Section 504 of the _________________ is associated with
A
Rehabilitation Act; Public Law 93-112 (aka Rehabilitation Act of 1973)
17
Q
Public Law 94-142 aka
A
Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975
18
Q
Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975 aka
A
Public Law 94-142
19
Q
Public Law 94-142 - Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975 provided for _______________________ for all children with disabilities from the age of ____ to ____ years OR _____________________.
A
Free appropriate public education; 6; 21; from 5 years if that was the age in a particular state when children normally began public school.
20
Q
Free appropriate public education for all children with disabilities from the age of 6 to 21 years is associated with which public law?
A
Public Law 94-142 - Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975
21
Q
Principles enacted with PL 94-142
A
- Zero reject
- Least restrictive environment
- Parental participation
- Nondiscriminatory evaluation
22
Q
PL stands for
A
Public Law
23
Q
IDEIA
A
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
24
IDEIA was implemented in what year?
2004
25
What is the purpose of IDEIA?
Ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.
26
The purpose of IDEIA is to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a ____________________ that emphasizes __________________________ designed to _________________ and prepare them for ______________________________.
free appropriate public education; special education and related services; meet their unique needs; further education, employment, and independent living
27
IDEIA - Part A
General Provisions
28
IDEIA - Part B
Assistance for Education of All Children with Disabilities
30
IDEIA - Part C
Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities
31
IDEIA - Part D
National Activities to Improve Education of Children with Disabilities
- including personnel development
32
Service Provision for Children Ages 3-21 falls under which section of IDEIA?
Part B
33
(Part B) of IDEIA includes ______________________ for children ages __ - __.
service provision; 3; 21
34
(Part B) of IDEIA includes a set of ___________________ that are important to understand.
operational definitions
35
(Part B) of IDEIA stipulates that ______________, _____________, and _______________ must be provided by a "________________________ and the _______________________"
assessment; planning; service delivery; multidisciplinary team of qualified professionals; parent of the child
36
According of (Part B) of IDEIA, the "multidisciplinary team of qualified professionals and the parent of the child" must include who?
parent, special education teacher, regular education teacher, other relevant personnel
37
___________________ -> Regulation
Statute
38
Statute -> _____________________
Regulation
39
Define regulation
foundation for implementation
40
Regulation hierarchy
- Federal
- State
- Local policies & procedures
41
Where are the final regulations recorded?
Federal Register
42
The Federal Register contains what information?
Final Regulations
43
Final Regulations are ________________ in the __________________________.
codified; Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
44
CFR stands for
Code of Federal Regulations
45
Regarding implementation of the law, specificity increases in which direction?
Federal -> State -> Local school or district
46
The local school or district has (less, more) specificity than Federal.
more
47
The state has (less, more) specificity than Federal.
more
48
The local school or district has (less, more) specificity than State.
more
49
The state has (less, more) specificity than the local school or district.
less
50
Federal has (less, more) specificity than State.
less
51
Federal has (less, more) specificity than the local school or district.
less
52
Regulations are developed by who?
designated agency of authority
53
The designated agency of authority at the Federal level is the __________________________.
US Department of Education
54
The designated agency of authority at the State level is the __________________________.
State Department / Agency of Education
55
The designated agency of authority at the Local level is the __________________________.
School District
56
The US Department of Education is the designated agency of authority at what level of government?
Federal
57
The State Department / Agency of Education is the designated agency of authority at what level of government?
State
58
The School District is the designated agency of authority at what level of government?
Local
59
What is the order of the statutory process pyramid from bottom to top?
Constitutional Law -> Statutory Law (Statutes) -> Regulatory Law (Regulations)
60
Reauthorization occurs at what level of the statutory process?
```
Statutory Law (Statutes)
- Middle level of pyramid
```
61
Case Law occurs at what level of the statutory process?
```
Regulatory Law (Regulations)
- Top level of pyramid
```
62
What is the order of the statutory process pyramid from top to bottom?
Regulatory Law (Regulations) -> Statutory Law (Statutes) -> Constitutional Law
63
What is the middle level of the statutory process pyramid?
Statutory Law (Statutes)
64
What is the top level of the statutory process pyramid?
Regulatory Law (Regulations)
65
What is the bottom level of the statutory process pyramid?
Constitutional Law
66
In the transdisciplinary model, who assesses the child?
team members jointly
67
Team members jointly assess the child in the ___________________ Model.
Transdisciplinary
68
What is the parents' role in the Transdisciplinary Model?
full and active participants
69
Parents are full and active participants in which Model?
Transdisciplinary
70
In the transdisciplinary model, who is assigned to implement the plan with the family?
primary service provider
71
In the transdisciplinary model, ________________, ________________, and ________________ are continuously shared among ____________________.
information; knowledge; skills; team members
72
In the transdisciplinary model, there is a commitment to __________, ___________, and _______________________ to implement a _______________.
teach; learn; work together across disciplinary boundaries; unified service plan
73
Information, knowledge, and skills are continously shared among team members in which Model?
Transdisciplinary
74
There is a commitment to teach, learn, and work together across disciplinary boundaries to implement a unified service plan in which Model?
Transdisciplinary
75
Which Model is a combination of a transdisciplinary team functioning in an integrated service delivery model?
Collaborative
76
The Collaborative Model is the combination of ________________________ functioning in __________________________.
a transdisciplinary team; an integrated service delivery model
77
There was suddenly a legal mandate for PT services in the public schools when what Act was passed? What year was this?
Education for All Handicapped Children's Act
1976
78
What is the significance of the Education for All Handicapped Children's Act?
There was suddenly a legal mandate for PT services in public schools
79
When the Education for All Handicapped Children's Act was passed, therapists to provide the required services were ____________________________________.
in high demand and short supply
80
A referral can be made by who?
parent, state agency, or local educational agency
81
Regarding Referral, what must be developed for the student before initiation of a related service?
Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)
82
IEP stands for
Individualized Educational Plan
83
A ____________________ is recommended for students with complex medical needs.
physician referral
84
Why is a physician referral recommended for students with complex medical needs?
to formalize a process for needed communication with the referring physician
85
True or False: PTs may screen a child as a preliminary step and help direct the process of subsequent referral.
True
86
True or False: PTs may NOT screen a child as a preliminary step and help direct the process of subsequent referral.
False
87
IDEIA requires a "_________________________" to determine disability / effect on education.
full and individualized initial evaluation
88
IDEIA requires a "full and individualized initial evaluation" to _____________________________.
determine disability / effect on education
89
True/False: An evaluation requires parental consent.
True
90
True/False: An evaluation does not require parental consent.
False
91
True/False: An evaluation must be completed within 60 school days after receiving consent.
True
92
True/False: An evaluation must be completed within 30 school days after receiving consent.
False
93
What should be included with the evaluation?
an assessment of the student's ability to participate in and benefit from the educational environment
94
True/False: Transportation on the school bus; entering and exiting the bathroom and toileting; eating; and negotiating hallways, doors, distances, stairs should be included in the assessment/evaluation.
True
95
True/False: Transportation on the school bus; entering and exiting the bathroom and toileting; eating; and negotiating hallways, doors, distances, stairs should NOT be included in the assessment/evaluation.
False
96
At least one _______________________, either ____________________ or _____________________ should be included in the assessment/evaluation.
standardized measure; norm-referenced; criterion-referenced
97
List common tests
- Bruinicks Osteresky Test of Motor Performance
- School Function Assessment
- Mobility Opportunities Via Education
- Gross Motor Function Measure
- School Outcome Measures
98
When determining eligibility for related services under IDEIA, results should be understandable by who?
all personnel working with child
99
True/False: Under the provisions of IDEIA, a child who does not need special education is eligible to receive related services.
False
100
True/False: Under the provisions of IDEIA, a child who does not need special education is NOT eligible to receive related services.
True
101
How many levels of service are there in the Waukesha Delivery Model?
4
102
The four levels of service in the Waukesha Delivery Model are based on what?
the rate of change in the student's physical or functional status
103
Each level of the Waukesha Delivery Model defines what?
- purpose of the intervention
- intensity of service
- personnel responsibilities for the delivery of service
104
In the Waukesha Delivery Model, which students receive a greater amount of the therapist's time and direct involvement?
those exhibiting more rapid rates of change
105
In the Waukesha Delivery Model, students exhibiting more rapid rates of change receive what?
a greater amount of the therapist's time and direct involvement
106
"Cognitive Referencing" aka
"Performance Discrepancy Criteria"
107
"Performance Discrepancy Criteria" aka
"Cognitive Referencing"
108
"Cognitive Referencing" or "Performance Discrepancy Criteria" is what?
a model that presumes a positive correlation between cognitive and motor development and an upper limit for development based on a child's cognitive abilities
109
"Cognitive Referencing" or "Performance Discrepancy Criteria" is a model that presumes a ____________________ between ___________________________ and an ________________ for development based on _________________________________.
positive correlation; cognitive and motor development; upper limit; a child's cognitive abilities
110
"Cognitive Referencing" or "Performance Discrepancy Criteria" states that children are eligible for physical therapy services only if what?
motor skills are significantly lower than cognitive abilities
111
According to "Cognitive Referencing" or "Performance Discrepancy Criteria", if a child's ____________________ are significantly lower than ______________________, he/she is eligible for physical therapy services.
motor skills; cognitive abilities
112
True/False: According to "Cognitive Referencing" or "Performance Discrepancy Criteria", a child whose cognitive abilities are significantly lower than motor skills is eligible for PT services.
False
113
True/False: According to "Cognitive Referencing" or "Performance Discrepancy Criteria", a child whose cognitive abilities are significantly higher than motor skills is eligible for PT services.
True
114
What type of statute is the Rehabilitation Act, section 504, 1973?
Federal
115
The Rehabilitation Act, section 504 ensures that
individuals with disabilities are provided equal opportunities
116
What act from 1973 ensures that individuals with disabilities are provided equal opportunities?
Rehabilitation Act, section 504
117
Provisions of the Rehabilitation Act are generally __________________ than those in IDEIA.
broader
118
Because the provisions of the Rehabilitation Act are generally broader than those in IDEIA, it is used as a justification for what?
to expand a student's eligibility for related services within the educational environment and/or the scope of intervention
119
Why is the Rehabilitation Act used as justification to expand a student's eligibility for related services within the educational environment and/or the scope of intervention?
Its provisions are generally broader than those in IDEIA
120
The Rehabilitation Act is used as justification to expand a student's _______________________ within the ___________________ and/or the ________________________________.
eligibility for related services; educational environment; scope of intervention
121
The ________________________ ensures that students with disabilities receive an appropriate education even if special education is not required.
Rehabilitation Act, section 504
122
The Rehabilitation Act, section 504, ensures that students with disabilities receive ________________________ even if _____________________________.
an appropriate education; special education is not required.
123
If a student with a disability under the Rehabilitation Act is identified as being eligible for special education services, then what happens?
the process progresses to IEP development
124
An IEP must be developed within how many calendar days of the determination of eligibility?
30
125
True/False: An IEP must be developed within 60 calendar days of the determination of eligibility.
False
126
True/False: An IEP must be developed within 30 calendar days of the determination of eligibility.
True
127
When developing an IEP, ___________ of the child and _____________ of the parents for ____________________________________ must be considered.
strengths; concerns; enhancing the education of their child
128
When developing an IEP, the results of the ___________ and the _____________, ______________, and ____________________________________ must be considered.
initial (or most recent) evaluation; academic; developmental; functional needs of the child
129
The IEP is a statement of the child's present levels of ______________________ and ___________________.
academic achievement; functional performance
130
What is a statement of the child's present levels of academic achievement and functional performance?
IEP (Individualized Education Plan)
131
The IEP is a statement of measurable (monthly, annual) goals.
annual
132
The IEP is a statement of the _________________ and related services and ______________________ and services.
special education; supplementary aids
133
What explains the extent to which the child will not participate with nondisabled children in the regular class and in other activities?
IEP
134
True/False: The IEP does not include a statement of accommodations that are necessary.
False
135
True/False: The IEP does not include a projected date for the beginning of the services and modifications described.
False
136
True/False: The IEP includes a statement of accommodations that are necessary.
True
137
True/False: The IEP includes a projected date for the beginning of the services and modifications described.
True
138
The IEP includes anticipated _____________, _____________, and _____________ of services and modifications.
frequency; location; duration
139
Regarding the IEP, when does the transition to adulthood begin?
no later than the first IEP to be in effect when the child is 16
140
Upon the transition to adulthood, the IEP contains appropriate measurable postsecondary goals based upon age-appropriate transition assessments related to what?
- training
- education
- employment
- independent living skills (where appropriate)
- the transition service
141
How often must an IEP be reviewed?
at least annually
142
A comprehensive multi-year IEP is not to exceed what amount of time?
3 years
143
A comprehensive multi-year IEP is designed to coincide with what?
the child's natural transition points
144
Regarding the IEP timeline, what are the child's natural transition points?
- preschool to elementary
- elementary to middle school
- middle school to secondary
- secondary to postsecondary activities
145
Regarding the IEP timeline, procedural safeguards are stipulated, and states must establish mechanisms for ____________________, __________________, and _______________.
due process; mediation; appeal
146
Regarding the IEP timeline, states are required to ______________________ in specified priority areas and to _____________________.
establish quantifiable indicators; report data on outcomes
147
Service Provision for Infants/Toddlers falls under which section of IDEIA?
Part C
148
(Part C) of IDEIA describes who and what?
infants and toddlers with disabilities and the services provided for them
149
IDEIA recognizes that early intervention is important to
- enhance development
- reduce educational costs to society
- maximize independent living of disabled individuals
150
IDEIA mandates that states must develop specific policies and procedures for children under 3 years who have experienced ___________________ or who have been affected by __________________ or __________________.
substantiated abuse or neglect; abuse of illegal substances; withdrawal symptoms as a result of prenatal drug exposure
151
EI stands for
Early Intervention
152
EI services include
- PT, OT, ST
- assistive technology devices and services
- psychologic services
- family training and counseling
- diagnostic medical services
- special instruction
- social work
- vision and hearing
- related transportation
153
True/False: There are different federal mandates and guidelines for evaluation under Part C.
False
154
True/False: The same federal mandates and guidelines for evaluation apply under Part C.
True
155
Assessment tools for evaluation under Part C
- Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
- Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2
- Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory
156
IFSP stands for
Infant Family Service Plan
157
The IFSP is the equivalent of
the IEP for older children
158
The IFSP must be developed by what kind of team?
multidisciplinary
159
True/False: The multidisciplinary team that develops the IFSP must include the parents.
True
160
True/False: The IFSP must include a description of appropriate transition services.
True
161
What is an example of appropriate transition services?
transition from Part C to Part B at 3 years of age
162
How often must the IFSP be evaluated?
once a year
163
How often must the IFSP be reviewed?
6-month intervals or more often when appropriate
164
With whom should the IFSP be reviewed?
the family
165
Requirements of the IFSP
- Present levels of physical development
- Cognitive development
- Communication development
- Adaptive development
166
Requirements of the IFSP (continued)
- Family resources, priorities, concerns
- Measurable results or expected outcomes
- Specific early intervention services
- Natural environments where EI services will appropriately be provided
167
Requirements of the IFSP (continued, 2)
- Projected dates for initiation of services
- anticipated length, duration, frequency
- Identification of service coordinator
- Steps to support transition to preschool or other
appropriate services
- Provision for parental consent
168
Program development/intervention under Parts B and C facilitates focus on
meaningful functional goals for the child and family
consideration of child's unique needs within a broader context
169
Program development/intervention under Parts B and C ensures that
parents are aware of their rights
parents are encouraged to be active participants in program planning for their children
170
How are IEP/IFSP goals and objective stated?
as behaviors the student will demonstrate (not what will be done with the student)
171
Inclusive Education requires states to develop ______________ and _____________.
policies; procedures
172
Inclusive Education ensures that
children with disabilities are educated with children who are not disabled
173
True/False: Inclusive Education applies only to private schools.
False
174
True/False: Inclusive Education applies to public and private schools.
True
175
Regarding Inclusive Education, when is the only time that special classes, separate schooling, or other removal of children with disabilities from the regular educational environment occur?
when the nature or severity of the disability is such that education in regular classes with supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily
176
Models of Service Delivery
- Hands-on intervention directly from PT or PTA
- Isolated manner (e.g. separate PT tx area)
- Integrated
177
Regarding the Models of Service Delivery, what is the definition of "integrated"?
provided within the context of normal routines/activities in least restrictive or natural environments
178
Indirect Service aka
monitoring
179
Indirect Service (monitoring) involves establishing a _________________________ for a student, _____________________________, and _________________________ to ensure positive outcomes.
management program; instructing others to carry it out; monitoring the process
180
Indirect Service (monitoring) requires that PTs can effectively
teach others
sell their "product"
181
What is an example of the PT's "product"?
the functional importance of the recommended intervention
182
Indirect Service (monitoring) involves a partnership between
the PT and the recipient of the information exchange
183
What is the role of the PTA in pediatrics?
to assist in provision of pediatric PT services with the exception of services for children who are physiologically unstable
184
Who can the pediatric PTA not provide PT services for?
children who are physiologically unstable
185
Assistive Technology is anything that is used to ______________, ______________, or _________________ of a child with a disability
increase; maintain; improve functional capabilities
186
What is the goal of transition planning?
- ensure continuity of service
- minimize disruption to student and family
- promote optimum service delivery
187
STEPS stands for
Sequenced Transition to Education in the Public Schools
188
STEPS involves the creation of _______________, ___________________, ___________________, and _________________, so that they can effectively __________________.
a responsive administrative structure; active involvement of families; preparation of the child; training for staff; facilitate the process
189
True/False: PTs cannot and should not play an active role in transition planning.
False
190
True/False: PTs can and should play an active role in transition planning.
True
191
How often should the reevaluation of a child with a disability occur?
not more frequently than once a year
at least every 3 years
192
PT must remain focused on the overall purpose of what?
related services under IDEIA
193
Why must the PT remain focused on the overall purpose of related services under IDEIA?
to allow the child to benefit from special education
194
True/False: Requirements for documentation are not stipulated in IDEIA
True
195
Why would the IEP team consider related services outside of the regular school year to be necessary?
If a child served under Part B will experience substantial regression or loss of functional abilities if services are suspended (typically over the summer months) or if the child failed to make adequate progress toward his or her annual IEP goals
196
Public Law 100-360 of 1988 was enacted to
allow states to utilize Medicaid funds to supplement the cost of providing related services for eligible children
197
True/False: Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds vary from state to state
True
198
True/False: Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds are the same in every state
False
199
What can limit the ability of providers to select a delivery mode that is most appropriate and is the most efficient use of resources?
Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds are frequently restricted to direct service
200
Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds are frequently restricted to ____________________
direct service
201
True/False: Private insurance may be billed if parents give informed consent to do so
True
202
True/False: Private insurance may not be billed even if parents give informed consent to do so
False
203
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to identify ____________________ and plan for _______________________.
architectural barriers; accessibility modification
204
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to establish __________ and ______________________ for the transport of children with disabilities on school-owned vehicles (e.g., buses)
guidelines; child-specific modifications
205
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to promote __________________________ by both educational personnel and students.
acceptance of students with disabilities
206
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to plan _____________________ for accessibility.
recreational areas
207
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to contribute to the development of ______________________________ of students with disabilities
safety procedures for emergency evacuation
208
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to collaborate with physical educators to develop "__________________________ motor programs"
mutually supportive and effective
209
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to participate with others in various prevention activities, including
screening programs; prevention and treatment of sports-related injuries; prevention of neck and back pain secondary to backpack use; development of conditioning programs; and/or educational programs for coaches, parents, and students
210
One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to provide general ________________________ to programs.
environmental modifications
