PT4 CHP16 Airport Operations Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
What are the two main types of airports?
A
Towered and untowered?
2
Q
What are the airport subtypes?
A
Civil, military, private
3
Q
What is a civil airport?
A
Airports that are open to the public
4
Q
What is a military/federal government airport?
A
not open to the public
5
Q
What is a private airport?
A
requires permission from the ownwer
6
Q
An airport that requires permission from the owner is what type of airport?
A
Private airport
7
Q
An airport that is not open to the public is what type of airport?
A
Military/Federal Government
8
Q
An airport that is open to the public is what type of airport?
A
civil airport
9
Q
What is a towered airport?
A
- Has an operating control tower that is controlled by Air Traffic Control (ATC)
- Communication with ATC is required required for all aircraft
10
Q
What is ATC responsible for?
A
Providing safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic
11
Q
Providing safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic is the whose responsibility?
A
ATC
12
Q
What is a non-towered airport?
A
- No operating control tower
- Can be found at smaller airports with low traffic
- Radio communication is NOT required at those airports
- Radio calls are recommended on the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) or Universal Integrate Community (UNICOM)
13
Q
Before departing an airport, what information is recommended?
A
As much information as possible about the airport and the airspace
14
Q
What publication/services can airmen find regarding airport information?
A
- Chart supplements
- Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
- ATIS
- Aeronautical Charts
15
Q
What does the Chart Supplement provide?
A
Detailed information for each airport in the country
16
Q
How many regions is the chart supplement divided?
A
Nine (9)
17
Q
What are the sections of the chart supplement?
A
- Section 1: Legend
- Section 2: Airport/Facility Directory (divided by state)
- Section 3: Notices (major changes)
- Section 4: Associated Data (phone numbers, frequencies, forms, etc.)
- Section 5: Airport Diagrams
18
Q
What are NOTAMs?
A
Used to disseminate mostly temporary information critical to flight that could not be published on time
19
Q
This is used to disseminate mostly temporary information critical to flight that could not be published on time.
A
NOTAMs
20
Q
When must a NOTAM be checked?
A
Always before flying
21
Q
What information is included in NOTAMs?
A
- Hazards (air shows, parachute jumps, kite flying)
- Flights with head of state
- Military exercises
- Temporary erection of obstacles near airfields
- Birds (BIRDTAM)
- Volcanic ash or dust (ASHTAM)
22
Q
What are the four different categories of NOTAMs?
A
- NOTAM (D)
- FDC NOTAMs
- Pointer NOTAMs
- Military NOTAMs
23
Q
What is a NOTAM (D)?
A
information about all navigational facilities that are part of the NAS and all public use airports listed in the Chart Supplement
24
Q
Which NOTAM can you find information about all navigational facilities that are part of the NAS and all public use airports listed in the Chart Supplement?
A
NOTAM (D)
25
What information is included in the FDC NOTAM?
- Charts
- Procedures
- Airspace usage
(mostly related to IFR flight procedures or TFRs)
26
What is the Automated Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
Information about current local weather condition at an an airport.
27
How often is the ATIS updated?
Once per hour
28
When would the ATIS change more often?
When local conditions warrant
29
What does information A (alpha) signify?
The ATIS information is A, which is the first of that time period
30
What is True North?
The physical Earth's North Pole, most maps are oriented in relation to the True North.
31
What is Magnetic North?
The location of the Earth's magnetic field's northern position (Not the same as North Pole and will change over time)
32
What is variation?
The difference between the true and magnetic north is measure in degrees
33
How do you convert True to Magnetic North?
add/subtract variation
(remember East (subtract) is least, west (add) is best)
34
How are runways identified?
A 2-digit identifier that refers to the magnetic orientation of each side of the runway
35
What is North, South, East and West on a Compass Rose?
North: 360
South: 180
East: 090
West: 270
36
How will parallel runways be marked to differentiate them
XXL and XXR
37
How will three parallel runways be marked to differentiate them?
XXL XXC XXR
38
What are the three different types of runways?
Visual runway, non-precision instrument runway and precision instrument runway
39
What marking elements are present on a visual runway?
- Designation
- Centerline
- Threshold
- Aiming point
40
What marking elements are present on a non-precision instrument runway?
- Designation
- Centerline
- Threshold
- Aiming point
41
What marking elements are present on a precision instrument runway?
- Designation
- Centerline
- Threshold
- Aiming point
- Touchdown zone
- Side stripes
42
What is the threshold runway marking?
- Marks the beginning and the end of the runway
- It is a solid, white bar before the stripes
43
What can the runway section of the displaced threshold be used for?
Used for take off, but not for landing
44
Can the displaced threshold be used for landing?
No
45
Can the displaced threshold be used for takeoff?
Yes
46
Why can't an airplane use the displaced threshold for landing?
This portion of the runway cannot support the weight of the aircraft at the high speed
47
What do the number of symmetrical stripes at the end of the runway signify?
the width of the runway
48
What is the runway width if there are 4 symmetrical stripes?
60 feet (18.3m)
49
If the runway is 60 feet (18.3m) wide, how many symmetrical stripes are on the runway?
4 stripes
50
What is the runway width if there are 6 symmetrical stripes?
75 feet (22.9m)
51
If the runway is 75 feet (22.9m) wide, how many symmetrical stripes are on the runway?
6 stripes
52
What is the runway width if there are 8 symmetrical stripes?
100 feet (30.5m)
53
If the runway is 100 feet (30.5m) wide, how many symmetrical stripes are on the runway?
8 stripes
54
What is the runway width if there are 12 symmetrical stripes?
150 feet (45.7m)
55
If the runway is 150 feet (45.7m) wide, how many symmetrical stripes are on the runway?
12 stripes
56
What is the runway width if there are 16 symmetrical stripes?
200 feet (61m)
57
If the runway is 200 feet (61m) wide, how many symmetrical stripes are on the runway?
16 stripes
58
What is a Runway Safety Area (RSA)?
An area surrounding a runway designed to keep aircraft safe during takeoff and landing
59
An area surrounding a runway designed to keep aircraft safe during takeoff and landing is known as what?
Runway Safety Area (RSA)
60
Are other aircraft allowed to enter the runway safety area?
No, they cannot without proper separation
61
What are aiming points and touch down zone?
- Designed to help pilots identify the touch down area
- Mostly used by large aircraft
62
What is a Runway Hold Position Line (Hold Short Line)?
- Limit between the runway and the taxiway
- Displayed as two yellow solid lines and two yellow dashed lines
63
What must be given before crossing the yellow double solid lines?
Clearance from ATC
64
Does an aircraft need clearance to exit the runway?
No
65
Does an aircraft need clearance to cross the yellow double dashed lines?
No
66
Does an aircraft require clearance before crossing the yellow double solid lines?
Yes
67
What does LAHSO stand for?
Land and Hold Short Operations
68
What is LAHSO operations?
In effect when simultaneous operations (takeoffs and landings) are being conducted on intersecting runways
69
In effect when simultaneous operations (takeoffs and landings) are being conducted on intersecting runways is known as what type of operation?
LAHSO operation
70
Who must accept the LAHSO operation?
The pilot, who can say no
71
If a pilot accepts LAHSO operations, what must the pilot understand first?
There will be reduced runway distances
72
What is the visibility requirement for LASHO operations?
3SM
73
May student pilots used LAHSO operations?
Not on solo flights
74
What are Runway Distance Remaining Signs?
indicates the distance, in thousands of feet, until the end of the runway
75
The Runway Distance Remaining Signs are indicated in a single digit, but signify how many feet?
Thousands of feet
76
A taxiway sign that has an "A" with an arrow pointing to the the left and square on a black background with a yellow border with "A4" and a an "A" with an arrow pointing to the right signifies what?
Direction to Taxiway A to the left, current position is A4 and direction to Taxiway A to the right
77
What is an Enhanced Taxiway Centerline?
Available at towered airports, it is used to warn pilots of an upcoming runway
78
When are airport beacons used?
at night or during low visibility
79
What is the purpose of an airport beacon?
helps identify where an airport is located at night or during low visibility
80
When do airport beacons become active?
from sunset to sundown or when weather visibility is below VFR weather minimums
81
What color with is an airport beacon at acivilian land airport?
1 white and 1 green, alternates, 2-3 seconds interval
82
What color with is an airport beacon at a military airport?
2 white and 1 green
83
What color with is an airport beacon at a water airport?
1 white and 1 yellow
84
What color with is an airport beacon at a heliport?
1 white, 1 green and 1 yellow
85
1 white, 1 green and 1 yellow beacon is what type of airport?
Heliport
86
1 white and 1 yellow beacon is what type of airport?
Water port
87
2 white and 1 green beacon is what type of airport?
Military airport
88
1 white and 1 green beacon is what type of airport?
Civilian land airport
89
What is the Approach Lighting System?
It is designed to help transition from instrument flight to visual flight when close to the runway
- Consists of a variety of light combination depending on the type of runway (precision or non-precision)
90
What are Visual Glideslope Indicators?
- Provides pilots with glide path information that can be used during the day and night
- Helps ensure that proper obstacle clearance is maintained through the appropriate procedure
91
What are the common Visual Glideslope Indicators available?
VASI, PAPI, Tri-color VASI, Pulsating VASI
92
What is the Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) Visual Glideslope Indicator?
- most common type
- normally set up for a 3° approach
- set up in a 2x2 configuration
- 4 red: too low
- 2 white/ 2 red: on path
- 4 white: too high
93
What is the Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) Visual Glideslope Indicator?
- Similar in operation to the VASI
- 4 lights installed horizontally
- 4 white: too high, more than 3.5°
- 3 white/1 red: slightly high, 3.2°
- 2 white/2 red: on glidepath, 3°
- 1 white/ 3 red: slightly slow, 2.8°
- 4 red: too low, less than 2.5°
94
What are the Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)?
- Installed at the beginning/end of the runway to help identify it
- Consists of synchronized flashing white lights on each side of the threshold
95
What are Runway Edge Lights?
- Outside the edge of the runway
- White lights except on instrument runways, yellow for at least 2,000 feet
96
What is In-runway Lighting?
- Runway centerline
- every 50 feet, white until the last 3,000 feet
- white/red for 2,000 feet then red for the last 1,000 feet
97
What are the different type of taxiway lights?
- Taxiway centerline, lead-on, lead-off
- alternating green/yellow lights from the hold short line to the runway centerline
98
What color are taxiway centerline lights?
green
99
What color are taxiway edge lights?
blue
100
Airport lights can and cannot be controlled and which types of airports?
No, at towered airports (ATC controlled)
Yes, at selected un-towered airports
101
At un-towered airports where the lights can be controlled, how do you control them?
by using the radio
102
How many clicks will control airport lights to the highest setting?
7 times within 5 seconds
103
How many clicks will control airport lights to medium to low setting?
5 times within 5 seconds
104
How many clicks will control airport lights to the lowest intensity setting?
3 times within 5 seconds
105
Approximately what distance from the airport should the pilot request entry into the traffic pattern (or to announce intentions)?
10 miles away
106
At what point in the traffic pattern should an airplane enter?
Mid-field in the downwind leg
107
When departing from an airport, how should a pilot enter the pattern?
Straight out or at a 45° angle
108
At what altitude does an aircraft complete the pattern?
1,000 feet AGL
109
What are the legs of the pattern?
- Upwind, right after takeoff
- Crosswind (first turn)
- Downwind, wind will be behind pushing down
- Base
- Final
110
What is the first leg of the traffic pattern?
Upwind
111
What is the second leg of the traffic pattern?
Crosswind
112
What is the third leg of the traffic pattern?
Downwind
113
What is the fourth leg of the traffic pattern?
Base
114
What is the fifth leg of the traffic pattern?
Final
115
What direction is standard for the pattern?
left (all left turns)
116
What direction is non-standard for the pattern?
right (all right turns)
117
At what point on the downwind leg does an aircraft start to descend?
When it is side by side to the runway heading marker flying in the opposite direction
118
Before entering the pattern, what must the pilot do?
Listen for traffic and see what others are doing
119
After listening for traffic and seeing what others are doing, what do you to enter the pattern?
- Overfly the airport at 1,500 feet
- Look for the wind indicator
- Determine the most appropriate runway for maximum headwind and minimum crosswind
120
What shaped pattern should the pilot use to enter the downwind leg and in which direction?
Tear-drop shape to the right
121
How can a pilot determine the direction of the wind?
Use the wind direction indicator
122
When taxiing, how do you correct for the wind?
Use ailerons and elevator
123
For headwind, which direction do you turn the ailerons and elevator for a tricycle landing gear?
Ailerons: INTO the wind
Elevator: neutral
124
For headwind, which direction do you turn the ailerons and elevator for a tailwheel aircraft?
Ailerons: INTO the wind
Elevator: UP
125
For tailwind, which direction do you turn the ailerons and elevator for a tricycle landing gear or tailwheel aircraft?
Ailerons: OPPOSITE from the wind
Elevator: DOWN
126
When a headwind is coming from the left side, what positions are the ailerons and elevator?
Left aileron: up
Right aileron: down
Elevator: neutral
127
When a headwind is coming from the left side, what positions are the ailerons and elevator?
Left aileron: down
Right aileron: up
Elevator: neutral
This helps with balancing the aircraft
128
When a headwind is coming from the right side, why do you keep the right aileron up and the left aileron down with the elevator neutral?
The headwind is coming from the right, so it will be pushing on the aircraft. By keeping the right aileron up and the left one down, this is balance the aircraft
129
When a tailwind is coming from the right side, what positions are the ailerons and elevator?
Left aileron: up
Right aileron: down
Elevator: down
Think about the wind pushing the aircraft forward, the ailerons will balance the aircraft with one up and one down, and the elevator will keep it even more balance
130
When a tailwind is coming from the right side, what positions are the ailerons and elevator?
Left aileron: down
Right aileron: up
Elevator: down
131
What does sideloading the aircraft mean?
When the longitudinal axis is not lined up wit the runway
132
When crabbing into the wind, of the 4 turns made, which are greater than 90°?
Turn 2 and 3
133
When crabbing into the wind, of the 4 turns made, which are less than 90°?
Turn 1 and 4
134
When doing an S turn maneuver, at which point is the steepest bank?
Turning into the first turn then the bank lessens (1 to 2)
135
At what time of the do most accidents occur and why?
During the day due to complacency
136
Before takeoff, what must a pilot check?
Always check the final approach to see if traffic is inbound
137
Before climbing/descending/any maneuver, how can a pilot ensure he avoids any other aircraft?
Gentle banks to the left and right to scan the airspace
138
When in straight and level flight and around VOR sites, how can a pilot ensure he avoids any other aircraft?
Scan the field by looking at portions of the airspace at increments of 10° for 2-3 seconds
139
When below 10,000 feet (day/night) and in low visibility, what should be turned on?
Landing lights
140
For high or low wing aircraft, what must a pilot be aware of regarding his visual reference around the aircraft?
aircraft's blind spots
141
If flying a high-wing aircraft, what will be the blind spot?
Above the wing
142
If flying a low-wing aircraft, what will be the blind spot?
Below the wing
143
What is a pilot deviation?
An action of a pilot that violates any FAR
144
When a pilot deviates, who must he notify and when?
ATC as soon as possible following the deviation
145
How can a pilot prevent possible deviations?
- Plan each flight, especially watch for TFRs
- Talk: use flight following and communicate with ATC
- Give yourself room; if avoiding airspace, don't trust your GPS 100%
146
What distance from another aircraft is considered a near-midair collision?
500 feet or closer
147
What are examples of ground deviations?
- Taxi/takeoff/land without a clearance
- Deviate from an assigned taxi route
- failure to hold short of a runway
148
Taxi/takeoff/land without a clearance; Deviate from an assigned taxi route; Failure to hold short of a runway are examples of what?
Ground deviations
149
What is runway incursion?
Any occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
150
Any occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land is known as what?
Runway incursion
151
How can pilot help prevent runway incursion?
- Readback all runway crossing/hold instructions
- Review the airport layout
- Know airport signage
- Review NOTAMs
152
If a pilot is unfamiliar with an airport, what may he request?
A progressive taxi
153
What is a progressive taxi?
Someone from ATC will follow the pilot and help navigate where he needs to go
