PTM real Flashcards
(26 cards)
what does ptm stand for
post-translational modification
what is phosphorylation
the addition of a phosphate group to a protein, typically on a threonine, tyrosine or serine residue
what catalyses phosphorylation
protein kinases
what erases phosphorylation
protein phosphatases
what is an example of phosphorylation
phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the insulin receptor activates downstream signalling pathways that regulate glucose homeostasis
what is glycosylation
the addition of carbohydrates to proteins, which occurs either in the ER or the golgi apparatus
what is the most common type of glycosylation
N-linked glycosylation in which a sugar molecule is attached to the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue
what is an example of glycosylation
the glycosylation of erythropoietin is critical for the stability and activity in the regulation of red blood cell production
what is ubiquitination
the attachment of ubiquitin molecules to lysine residues on a protein
what catalyses ubiquitination
ubiquitin E3 ligase
what erases ubiquitination
deubiquitinase
what is an example of ubiquitination
the ubiquiniation of p53 leads to its degradation by the proteasome, reducing its abiloty to regulate cell division and apoptosis
what is methylation
the addition of a methyl group to a protein, typically on lysine or arginine residues
what is methylation catalysed by
methyltransferases
what is methylation erased by
demethylases
what is an example of methylation
the methylation of histone proteins can regulate gene expression by altering the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors
what is acetylation
the addition of an acetyl group to a protein, typically on a lysine residue
what catalyses aceytlation
acetyltransferase
what erases acetylation
deacetylase
what is an example of acetylation
the acetylation of histone proteins can regualte gene expression by altering chromatin structure
what is SUMOylation
the attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) molecules to lysine residues on a protein
what catalyses SUMOylation
SUMO E3 ligase
what erases SUMOylation
deSUMOylase
what is an example of SUMOylation
the SUMOylation of transcription factor Sp3 can regulate its activity by altering its subcellular localisation and protein-protein interactions
