PTSD

Question 1

_______ of fear is one of the main symptoms of PTSD

Answer 1

Overgeneralization

Question 2

What is trauma?

Answer 2

The personal experience of a severely distressing or disturbing event

Question 3

When symptoms from trauma, such as intrusive thoughts and difficulty going about daily activities, persist longer than _______ it is considered PTSD

Answer 3

One Month

Question 4

What is PTSD?

Answer 4

A psychiatric disorder where learned fear, due to a traumatic event, becomes generalized to situations that normally would be considered safe

Question 5

PTSD results in autonomic __________ in inappropriate situations

Answer 5

Hyperarousal

Question 6

What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD in Canada?

Answer 6

9.2%

Question 7

What conditions are highly comorbid with PTSD?

Answer 7

Anxiety Disorders
Depression
Substance Use Disorders

Question 8

What are the three main signs of PTSD?

Answer 8

Recurring and frightening memories
Avoidance of potential triggers
A heightened state of arousal

Question 9

DSM-5 Criteria A: The person was exposed to a ________ ________

Answer 9

Traumatic Event

Question 10

DSM-5 Criteria B: ______ ______ of the traumatic event

Answer 10

Persistent Re-Experiencing

Question 11

DSM-5 Criteria C: ______ _______ of trauma related thoughts or feelings and reminders

Answer 11

Continual Avoidance

Question 12

DSM-5 Criteria D: ______ mood and _______ cognition

Answer 12

Negative

Disrupted

Question 13

DSM-5 Criteria E: ______ and ______ that appeared after or were exacerbated by the trauma

Answer 13

Arousal

Reactivity

Question 14

DSM-5 Criteria F: Symptoms persist for more than ________

Answer 14

One Month

Question 15

DSM-5 Criteria G: Symptoms cause ______ and _____ impairment or distress

Answer 15

Social

Occupational

Question 16

DSM-5 Criteria H: Not due to ______, substance use, or ________

Answer 16

Medication

Illness

Question 17

What are some way a person could be exposed to a traumatic event?

Answer 17

Directly involved
Witness
Close friend/relative
Exposure to details

Question 18

What are some ways someone could re-experience a traumatic event?

Answer 18

Thoughts and memories
Nightmares
Flashbacks
Emotional distress
Physical reactivity to reminders

Question 19

Does everyone who experiences a traumatic event develop PTSD?

Answer 19

No.

Question 20

Which sex is affected twice as often?

Answer 20

Women

Question 21

Is there a genetic component to PTSD?

Answer 21

Yes - monozygotic twins show a higher concordance rate than dizygotic twins

Question 22

PTSD patients show increased responsiveness to trauma and emotional stimuli in the ______ and ________

Answer 22

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Question 23

PTSD patients show decreased volume and responsiveness to fearful and emotional stimuli in the _________

Answer 23

PFC

Question 24

What is Long Term Potentiation (LTP)?

Answer 24

Process by which synapses are strengthened in two or more neurons that fire simultaneously, making them more likely to fire together in the future

Question 25

*LTP: Neurons that _____ together _____ together*

Answer 25

Wire | Fire

Question 26

In traumatic situations you want to act fast so the brain bypasses the _____ lobe and responds via the ______ and _____

Answer 26

Frontal Amygdala Thalamus

Question 27

LTP plays an important role in pairing _________ memory and ________ memory

Answer 27

Emotional - Amygdala | Declarative - Hippocampus

Question 28

What is hypervigilance

Answer 28

An enhances state of sensitivity to your surroundings

Question 29

PTSD represents an inability to extinguish _________ fear responses leaving the individual unable to distinguish between _____ and safety

Answer 29

Conditioned | Danger

Question 30

What is Pattern Separation and where does it occur?

Answer 30

The recording of events such that we can distinguish separate, yet similar, events. Dentate Gyrus

Question 31

What is Patter Completion and where does it occur?

Answer 31

The ability to recall and complete a memory based on a limited set of sensory inputs CA3

Question 32

New neurons play a part in ______ and ________ among memories that are related but distinct

Answer 32

Encoding | Distinguishing

Question 33

It is suggested that pattern separation is associated with a specific and selective pattern of ________ activation in the ___________

Answer 33

Neuronal | Hippocampus