Puberty, Health, and Biological Foundations Flashcards
Adrenarche
Hormonal changes in adrenal glands. Early stage in sexual maturation. Awakening of the adrenal gland that makes androgens(sex hormones)
Gonadarche
Followed by adrenarche. What most people think of as puberty. Maturation of primary sexual characteristics
Boys Maturation
Mature Early is more physically fit, has better peer relationships, and externalizing and violent behaviors. Late maturing negative body image but more positive identity in the late thirties.
Girls Maturation
Mature early higher rates of externalizing behaviors during adolescence also more likely to drink and smoke. Maturing on time were more physically fit.
Risk-taking Behavior
11-19 yr olds. Boys increased in risk-taking behavior when around the presence of a same-sex peer.
Nutrition
US adolescents eat fried food and are less likely to eat fruits and veggies. Increase in consumption of energy drinks with high caffeine levels.
Exercise and Sports
Individuals become less active as they enter and progress through adolescence. White boys exercised most Black girls least. Sports negative outcomes: pressure to win, injuries, a distraction from school, unrealistic expectations.
Sleep
Only 25% of US adolescents get 8 hours of sleep on an average school night. 8 hour of sleep decreased as they got older. Reasons: phone, caffeine, changes in brain coupled with early school start times.
Passive genotype-environment correlations
Biological parents provide a rearing environment for children. Parents read = Parents provide books for their kids to read
Evocative genotype-environment correlations
Genetically shaped characteristics have certain physical and social environments.
Social adolescent = receive more social stimulation.
Active(niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations
When individuals seek out settings that they like. Adolescent likes books = they go to the library
