PUBH 203 Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is a right?
A right is a justifies demand made of some specifiable other (who then has the obligation or responsibility to meet the demand)
General tax
Mandatory payments collected from individuals or corperations by a government entity to fund government activity
- NZ health system
Hypothecated tax
taxes earned for specific activities; eg ACC levies, EQC levies for insurance
Social insurance
Employers and employees contribute to a scheme that covers health costs
- usually mandatory
- Government oversees scheme
- Risk pooling
- germany, Aussie, france
Private insurance
Individuals arrange their own insurance (usually through their employer)
- individual choice and variety
- rationing occurs through deductibles, premiums, copayments, exclusions
- equity issues cost barriers
- united states
Out of pocket payment
refers to the money that individuals have to spend for healthcare.
- used to control demand and reduce health spending
- unfunded medicines/care, full costs or co-payments
- major cause of financial hardship, bankruptcy and ill health
- equity issues, cost barriers
What are policy instruments
Ways that governments implement policies; legislation/ regulation, fiscal: taxation, fiscal: expenditure, organisational change, persuasion
Example of policy instrument: Legislation/regulation
Seatbelt laws, alcohol MLPA
Example of policy instrument: Fiscal; taxation
Tobacco, alcohol taxes
Example of policy instrument: Fiscal; expenditure
Free 1st year uni, flu vaccines
Example of policy instrument: Organisational change
health system reforms
Example of policy instrument: persuasion
safe drinking campaigns
What are the 5 international health policies and goals
- Sustainable development goals
- world health organisation
- Ottawa charter for health promotion
- UN conventions
- universal health coverage
What are the 4 parts of the walt and gilson policy triangle
Actors, process, content, context
Walt and Gilson: Context meaning
Political, economic, social,cultural,regional, national and international factors that affect/ influence policy
Walt and Gilson: content meaning
What the policy is made of: visions, aspirations, ambitions, aims and objectives
AND the details of how those will be made real
Walt and Gilson: process
Agenda setting
policy formulation
decision making
implementation
evaluation
(continuous loop)
Walt and Gilson: actors
Individuals, groups, organisations that have power and influence at the local, regional, national and international levels.
What are 5 key attributes of a good doctor
- Technical competence
- integrity and trustworthiness
- good communication
- respect and caring
- putting patients first
What does it mean by technical competence in terms of being a ‘good doctor’?
Has knowledge training experience and skills
continuously updates knowledge and skills
knows their limits
practice guided by standards and guidelines
What does it mean by integrity and trustworthiness in terms of being a ‘good doctor’?
wont take advantage of patients
no financial exploitation
maintains confidentiality
ensures informed consent is always given
What does it mean by good communication in terms of being a ‘good doctor’?
listens and engages with patients, explains and provides information
spends adequate time
maintains patients records
coordinates care, makes referrals, communicates with other care providers
What does it mean by respect and caring in terms of being a ‘good doctor’?
Is kind, courteous and compassionate
treats with respect
respect privacy
has cultural competence, especially with respect to Maori
What does it mean by putting patients first in terms of being a ‘good doctor’?
places care of the patient above all other interests
prioritises patient care over research interests
does not perform unnecessary procedures for extraneous purposes
