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Medicine > Public Health > Flashcards

Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

Transtheoretical model / stages of change model

A

Pre contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse

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2
Q

Health behaviours

A

Sick role – aim to get better
Health role – aim to prevent disease
Illness role – aim to seek remedy

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3
Q

Health belief model (Becker)

A

Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers

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4
Q

Nudge theory

A

Changing environment to make healthiest option easiest e.g. fruit at checkout

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5
Q

Bradford-Hill criteria for causality

A

Strength of association
Specificity
Biological plausibility
Analogy
Coherence
Consistency
Dose-response
Temporality

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6
Q

Theory of planned behaviour

A

Attitude
+ subjective norm
+ perceived behavioural control
->
Intention
->
Behaviour

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7
Q

Transition points in life

A

Leaving school
Starting work/new job
Becoming a parent
Becoming unemployed
Retirement
Bereavement

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8
Q

What approaches can be used to help people act on their intentions?

A

Perceived control
Anticipated regret
Preparatory actions
Implementation intentions

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9
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological
Safety
Love/belonging
Esteem
Self-actualisation

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10
Q

Unrealistic optimism

A

Aware of risks but think they won’t be affected
Lack of experience with problem
Belief that its preventable by personal action
Belief that it hasn’t happened yet so is unlikely to
Belief that the problem is infrequent

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11
Q

Wilson and Junger screening criteria

A
  1. The disease is an important problem
  2. Disease has known and detectable latent stage
  3. Disease has a known course/progression
  4. Test is acceptable to the population
  5. Treatment is available for the disease
  6. An agreed at-risk population of which to screen
  7. Agreed policy on who to treat
  8. Cost of screening should be economically balanced
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12
Q

Types of screening

A

Population-based
Opportunistic
Screening for communicable disease
Pre-employment and occupational medicals
Commercially provided screening
Genetic counselling

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13
Q

4 sociological perspectives of need

A

Felt need
Expressed need
Normative need
Comparative need

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14
Q

Felt need

A

Individual perceptions of variation from normal health

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15
Q

Expressed need

A

Individual seeks help to overcome variation in normal health

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16
Q

Normative need

A

Professional defines intervention appropriate for expressed need

17
Q

Comparative need

A

Comparison severity, range of interventions

18
Q

Intention based errors

A

Skill based – action made was not what was intended
Rule based – incorrect rule application
Knowledge based

19
Q

Action based errors

A

Generic factors – omission, intrusion, wrong order
Task specific – wrong side/organ

20
Q

Outcome based errors

A

Near miss
Successful detection and recovery
Death/injury/loss of function
Prolonged intubation/stay in ICU
Cost of litigation
Unplanned transfer

21
Q

Context based errors

A

Anticipations and perseverations
Interruptions and distractions
Nature of procedure
Team factors
Organisation factors
Equipment and staffing issues
Accumulation of stressors

22
Q

Never event

A

Large, preventable patient safety incidents that should not occur if available preventative measures have been implemented

23
Q

Tools used for risk identification

A

Incident reporting
Complaints and claims
Audit, service eval and benchmarking
External accreditation
Active measurement/compliance

24
Q

10 basic types of error

A

Sloth
Fixation and loss of perspective
Communication breakdown
Poor team working
Playing the odds
Bravado
Ignorance
Mis-triage
Lack of skill
Systemic error

25
Q

Leadership styles

A

Inspirational
Transactional
Laissez-faire
Transformational

26
Q

Learner types

A

Theorist
Activist
Pragmatist
Reflector

27
Q

Question strategy types

A

Evidence
Clarification
Explanation
Linking and extending
Hypothetical
Cause and effect
Summary and synthesis

28
Q

Allocation theories

A

Egalitarian principles
Maximising principles (utilitarianism)
Libertarian principles

29
Q

Maxwell’s dimensions of quality

A

Acceptability
Accessibility
Appropriateness
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Equity

30
Q

3 domains of public health

A

Health improvement
Health protection
Improving services

31
Q

Key concerns of public health

A

Inequalities
Wider determinants of health
Prevention

32
Q

GMC duties of a doctor

A

Patient care first concern
Protect and promote health of patients and public
Provide good standard of practice and care
Treat patients as individuals & respect their dignity and confidentiality
Work in partnership with patients

Medicine (13 decks)

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