Public Health Flashcards

Question

What are some examples of cues to action which may influence behaviour change?

Answer 1

Cues can be internal or external Internal = increase in pain, decrease in ADLs External = reminders in the post, reminders for GP apts, pressure from families etc.

Answer 2

Side effects (warn them) Comorbidities (esp. mental health/dementia) Polypharmacy Complex drug regimes Poor understanding of disease state Social factors – i.e. they have dependants/act as carers for someone else so they don’t prioritise their own health

Answer 3

Prospective Population free from disease initially Follow up on exposed and non-exposed group and see what the outcome is Limitation = very expensive

Answer 4

Proposes that the best predictor of behaviour is INTENTION i.e. “I intend to give up smoking”

Answer 5

A persons attitude - e.g. I do not think smoking is a good thing Subjective norms (the perceived social pressure to undertake the behaviour) – e.g. people who are important to me want me to give up smoking Perceived behavioural control (a persons appraisal of their ability to perform the behaviour) – e.g. I CAN give up smoking

Answer 6

Doesn’t take into account emotions Relies on self-reported behaviour (i.e. people may lie) Lack of temporal element (there is no timescale on it) Assumes that attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control can be measured

Answer 7

Perceived control Anticipated regret Preparatory actions Implementation intentions Relevance to self

Answer 8

Pre-contemplation – haven’t thought about stopping smoking Contemplation – thinking about stopping smoking Preparation – goes to the doctor/pharmacy, gets a prescription for NRT/Champix to prepare them for stopping. Sets a stop date. Throws away cigarettes Action – stops smoking on quit date, uses medications to help them Maintenance – continues with abstaining from smoking by going for regular reviews, picking up more medication etc. (relapse) – potential for relapse after a “trigger” type event

Answer 9

Acknowledges individual stages of readiness Accounts for relapse/allows patient to move backwards in the stages Gives an idea of time-frame/progression (albeit arbitrary)

Answer 10

Not all people move through every stage Change might operate on a continuum rather than through discreet changes Doesn’t take into account values, habits, culture, social and economic factors

Answer 11

Social norms = behaviours and attitudes that are most common in a group One of the most important factors influencing behaviour Sometimes belief or norms is different to actual norms – allows people who want to do high risk behaviours to think they’re just doing what everyone else is doing (but is often not the case) Providing the truth about social norms could decrease high risk behaviours – e.g. only 20% of people smoke However – DOESN’T work when the risky behaviour is the social norm (drinking alcohol, obesity)

Answer 12

Unrealistic optimism** Justifies behaviour with other things Doesn’t have the willpower to stop

Answer 13

Theory for why patients engage in risky behaviours Individuals continue to practice health damaging behaviours due to inaccurate perceptions of risk and susceptibility i.e. they are aware of the risks but “don’t think it would happen to them”

Answer 14

Lack of personal experience with the problem Belief that it’s preventable by personal action Belief that if not happened by now, it’s not likely to Belief that the problem is infrequent

Answer 15

Population level – cigarette and alcohol tax Community level – introducing more cycle paths to make cycling safer, having to pay a fee for bringing a car into an area (London), building an outdoor gym in a particular town Individual level – patient centred approach to care. The care responds to their individual needs

Answer 16

Controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence of abuse between those aged 16 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members Includes – psychological, physical, sexual, financial and emotional abuse

Answer 17

DASH tool (Domestic abuse and Sexual Harassment tool)

Answer 18

In these cases it’s their CHOICE what they do Give them contact details for domestic abuse services and let them decide what to do

Answer 19

Refer to MARAC/IDVAS wherever possible with consent In HIGH RISK – you can break confidentiality if you don’t get their consent, but always try and get consent first

Answer 20

The four HARK questions were developed as a framework for helping identify people who have suffered domestic abuse, and found to be a sensitive tool. This stands for: Humiliation Afraid Rape Kick

Answer 21

Renal excretion

Answer 22

Infants Pregnant women SE - Resp depression

Answer 23

A pain response from a non-painful stimulant i.e. soft feather touch causing pain

Answer 24

A state in which the central nervous system amplifies sensory input across many organ systems i.e. when a hug or a pat on the back hurts someone

Answer 25

Naloxone - give it slowly

Answer 26

Deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/ or nutrients. It covers 2 groups of conditions: undernutrition and overweight/obesity

Answer 27

Maternal diet and taste preference development Role of breastfeeding for taste preference and body weight regulation Parenting practices

Answer 28

1. That it meets the needs of everyone 2. That it is free at the point of delivery 3. That it is based on clinical need, not ability to pay

Answer 29

The preventable, unfair differences in health status between individuals that arise from the unequal distribution of social, environmental and economic conditions within societies, which determine the risk of people getting ill.

Answer 30

The principle that the availability of good medical or social care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served. i.e. The more you need health care, the less there is available

Public Health Flashcards

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