Public Health 19c Medecine Flashcards
What was the death rate for children?
1/5 of children died before their first birthday.
What was the life expectancy of men in 1800’s?
- 30
- and in some places life expectancy was 15 like in Manchester
Why did the health get so bad in the 1800’s?
Towns/cities grew very fast.
- 1750 the population of Sheffield was only 12000
- by 1850 the population was 150,000
- back to back houses built for factory workers..
- often more than 5 people were found sharing one room.
- no toilets jut a bucket in the corner of the room that would get emptied out on the street
What disease came about in 1831?
Cholera- killed 50,000 people a year alone
In 1939 what did Chadwick do?
Over a two year period, he sent out doctors to most major towns and cities who filled in questionnaires and interviewed hundreds of people.
What was Chadwick’s Report?
In 1942, the sanitary conditions of the labouring population of Great Britain was published.
- The report shocked Britain, he said that the need of cleaner streets and clean water supply was needed.
- said poor not to blame for bad housing and living conditions, because they could do little about it
- he said it had to be the parliament to improve public health.
Did the government do anything after Chadwick’s report?
Politicians though they had no right to meddle with life of their citizens, this was called the ‘laissez fair attitude’.
- also some members of parliament were making vast sums of money from renting slums
What caused the first Public Health Act in 1848?
The constant cholera outbreaks and pressure from Chadwick’s report.
What was the First Public Health Act in 1848? And was it a success?
The act gave local town councils the power to spend money on cleaning up their towns if they wanted to.
- but many towns did not bother.
Describe how John Snow made his discovery.
John snow found out that all victims in the street got their water from the Broad Street pump and the ones who did not were getting theirs from another pump.
- he asked for permission to remove the handle of the water pump, there were no more deaths.
- Snow investigated further and same that the toilet had a crack lining and the filthy water was trickling into it.
- Snow had proved that cholera was not carried through the air instead it was caught through contagion.
What was the Great Stink in 1858?
The heat wave cause the River Thames to smell worse than ever, for years sewage,chemicals,dead animals, waste had been dumped into the river- the heat caused the river to smell worse than ever that the Houses of Parliament asked to meet somewhere else.
What did the Great Stink cause?
The government turned to a man called Joseph Balzagette, he was given 3 million pounds to build sewers.- Balzagette built 83 miles if sewers, which were finished in 1866.
- cholera never returned to London again.
Name all the acts after Balzagette finished the sewers.
1866- Sanitary act- Towns must install a proper water supply and sewage disposal system at once.
1875- Housing act- Councils have the power to pull down the worst houses in the worst areas and build better homes.
1875- Public Health act- Local councils must keep the pavements lit,paved and cleaned. Sewers must be clean and rubbish cleared from the streets.
