Public Health Flashcards
(49 cards)
Describe the health belief model
Based on the understanding that a person will take a health related action if they believe that:
a) a health condition can be avoided
b) they can avoid the health condition
c) by taking a recommended action
Give an example of the use of the health belief model
Condom usage:
a) HIV can be avoided
b) I can avoid HIV by using condoms
c) I can use condoms to prevent HIV
“motivating people to take positive health actions that uses the desire to avoid a negative health consequence as the prime motivation” describes which model of behavioural change?
Health Belief Model
Give 3 limitations of the health belief model
- It assumes everyone has the same access to knowledge about illness/disease
- It does not take into account environmental/economic factors that may motivate the individual
- It does not take into account behaviours that are performed for non health reasons such as social acceptibility/fitting in
What shapes an individuals intentions and behaviours according to the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
- Attitude
- Subjective Norm
- Perceived behavioural Control
Give 3 limitations of the theory of planned behavior.
- Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control cannot be measured
- It is useful for predicting intentions but not actual behaviour
- It does not take into account routines/habits/emotions
“the following four main psychological variables influence our behavior: intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control” describes which model of behavioural change?
The Theory of Planned Behaviour
What is the Transtheoretical model of behavioural change?
It poses that individuals go through 6 stages before a change in behaviour:
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintanence
- Relapse
What are the limitations of the transtheoretical model?
- Not everyone goes through all 6 phases
- Change is a continuum, not steps
- Does not take into account values, habits, environmental and economic factors
What are the 5 stages of change according to the transtheoretical model?
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Planning
- Action
- Maintenance
(6. Relapse)
What are the advantages of the transtheoretical model?
- Tailored to individuals
- Accounts for relapse
- Acknoledgement of individual stages
What is the social norms theory?
A prevention strategy aimed at mostly university aged people.
Describe what the social norms theory suggests.
Behaviour is influenced by social norms but there is a gap between what we think our peers believe and do and what they actually believe and do. Correcting these “misperceptions” in peer behaviour is key to behavioural change.
According to NICE, interventions to change health related behaviour should involve….
individuals, the ocmmunity, organisatins and populations
What are the 4 health determinants?
- Genes
- Environment (social, economic, physical)
- Lifestyle (e.g. diet and exercise)
- Healthcare (access and quality)
What is the difference between equity and equality?
Equity is giving everyone what they need, equality is giving everyone the same thing.
What is horizontal and vertical equity?
Horizontal: equal treatment for equal need
Vertical: unequal treatment for unequal need
What is health inequality?
Differences between groups in health outcomes due to geographical, economic and biological outcomes
Give an example of an individual level public health intervention.
Patient education e.g. smoking cessation advice
Give an example of a community level public health intervention.
Exercise groups
Give an example of a population level public health intervention.
Sugar and alcohol tax
The number of new cases in a specified time period divided by the size of the population is….
The incidence: rate of occurrence of a new disease
Define incidence
The rate of occurrence of a new disease: new cases in a specific time period divided by population size
Define absolute risk
incidence/population
Risk of developing a disease in a time period
