Public health administration cram Flashcards
(46 cards)
APHIS has five major program areas:
Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), International Services (IS), Veterinary Services (VS), Animal Care (AC), and Wildlife Services (WS).
APHIS roles
Safeguarding Our Borders-
Combating Pests and Diseases-
Caring for Animals through enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act,
Protecting the Environment and Managing Wildlife Damage-
Safeguarding Our Borders-
Safeguarding Our Borders- APHIS safeguards U.S. borders against the entry of foreign agricultural pests and diseases. At airports, seaports, and border stations, PPQ officers inspect international conveyances and the baggage of passengers for plant and animal products that could harbor pests or disease organisms. At international airports, detector dogs in APHIS’ Beagle Brigade help find prohibited agricultural materials. PPQ officers also inspect ship and air cargoes, rail and truck freight, and package mail from foreign countries. At animal import centers, APHIS veterinarians check animals in quarantine to make sure they are not infected with any foreign pests or diseases before being allowed into the country. Overseas, APHIS operates pre-clearance programs to eliminate pests in some imported products right at the source. International Services officials stationed in foreign countries maintain a comprehensive information network on the status of animal and plant pests and diseases around the world.
Combating Pests and Diseases-
Combating Pests and Diseases- IS officials also conduct cooperative agricultural pest and disease control and eradication programs in foreign locations, such as the screwworm eradication program in Central America. In this country, APHIS searches for and monitors animal and plant pests and diseases. If foreign pests get past our border defenses, APHIS quickly takes emergency actions to eliminate the threat. In cooperation with State animal health agencies, VS combat certain domestic animal diseases, including cattle and swine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, pseudorabies in swine, and scrapie. WS employee’s work with their State counterparts to monitor certain wildlife diseases like rabies and Lyme disease. Through health certification of animals and plants and agricultural products for international shipments, we facilitate agricultural exports. APHIS helps negotiate other countries’ entry requirements for U.S. agricultural products and assists U.S. agricultural exporters by providing health certificates for their goods.
Caring for Animals
Caring for Animals through enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act, APHIS enhances the care of animals used in research and exhibition, sold in the wholesale pet trade, and transported commercially. APHIS also enforces the Horse Protection Act to prevent the use of cruel practices to accentuate the gait of show horses. When individuals violate APHIS’ standards and regulations or show little concern for the welfare of animals protected under these laws, APHIS makes certain that the individuals are prosecuted to the full extent of the law. APHIS ensures that veterinary biologics and animal vaccines and related products are safe, pure, potent, and effective.
Protecting the Environment and Managing Wildlife Damage-
Protecting the Environment and Managing Wildlife Damage- APHIS protects the environment by analyzing the potential effects of introducing genetically engineered organisms, such as a squash plant whose genetic characteristics have been modified to incorporate resistance to specific plant viruses. If, APHIS determines that such an introduction will not be harmful, they issue a permit for the organism’s release and interstate movement. In this area, APHIS works closely with its counterparts in the EPA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ FDA. The USDA WS program responds to requests by farmers, the public, private companies, airport managers, and other Federal and local government agencies that need help in dealing with wildlife damage on private or public property. WS has the authority to assist in solving problems that are created when wildlife causes damage to agricultural, urban, or natural resources. WS also assists with wildlife problems involving threats to human health and safety and the survival of threatened or endangered species. The National Veterinary Services Laboratories, and the high- security biocontainment FADD Lab on Plum Island. FADD’s. APHIS epidemiologists in the field find the cause of a disease outbreak as quickly as possible.
VMAT responsibilities
Tx/stabilize, assess medical needs of animals, including Secret
Service, Search/Rescue dogs
Provide surveillance; animal disease, zoonotic disease, bioterrorism
public health assessment
food/water safety
Mitigate hazards
Decontaminate animals
Who orders VMAT into action?
The Office of Emergency Response of the
United States Public Health Service (US PHS).
Who do VMAT fall under once they are activated?
Who do VMAT fall under once they are activated? The same as above, and
the US PHS is part of the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), so
either answer would be correct - US PHS or NDMS.
What agency do VMATwork for?
What agency do VMATwork for? AVMA has control over the VMATs prior to
all activations, but upon federal deployment the VMATs work for the US
PHS as part of the NDMS, so this is a confusing question in my opinion.
Under what organization are VMATs formed, and for how long are
Veterinarians activated?
Under what organization are VMATs formed, and for how long are
Veterinarians activated? There is not a good clear-cut answer to this
question. Under our current Memorandum of Understanding with the US PHS,
it states that AVMA will form all VMATs, however that is not how the
system is currently working. The US PHS has asked that they be allowed
to form new VMATs while taking input from AVMA and the VMATs themselves
prior to forming new teams. I think this question should be removed
since this is an evolving process.
As for deployment length our MOU states 14 days as special needs federal
employees, however this is also an unclear question because when VMATs
are deployed to help USDA in a foreign animal disease outbreak the
members are usually deployed for multiple 30-day deployments. Again this
is also evolving and not set in stone at the current time.
NDMS
NDMS responds only when invited by the Governor of the state when, in his opinion, all local and state capabilities have been exhausted. NDMS is made up of four agencies or departments:
1) US PHS
2) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
3) Department of Defense (DOD
4) Director of Veterinary Services (DVS)
Who regulates importation of cats and dogs and birds into the US?
Who regulates importation of cats and dogs into the US? The CDC regulates importation of cats and dogs.
Who regulates importation of birds? USDA APHIS. US Customs do surveillance for them at Air and Seaports.
Who publishes RV and Chlamydia compendium?
Who publishes RV and Chlamydia compendium? National Association of Public Health State Vets
ACIP- human rabies protection- who develops standards for human rabies vaccine protocol?
ACIP- human rabies protection- who develops standards for human rabies vaccine protocol? (HHS);CDC- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
who inspects what foods
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) deals with the inspection of meat, poultry and liquid eggs. FDA has jurisdiction over all other food products.
Which meats is USDA responsible for?
Red Meats, Poultry. The Meat Inspection Act specifies the species of animal and includes carcasses or parts of cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses, mules or other equines.
FDA does what?
Ensures foods are safe, wholesome and truthfully labeled.
Drugs for both humans and animals, and vaccines for humans (whereas USDA CVB handles animals vaccines only) are safe and effective.
Medical devices, from scalpels to CT scanners, are safe and effective.
Transplanted tissues are safe and effective.
Equipment that uses radiant energy, such as X-ray machines and microwave ovens, is safe.
Cosmetics are safe and properly labeled.
Which foods is FDA responsible for?
FDA is responsible for shell eggs and non-specified red meats (bison, rabbits, game animals, zoo animals and all members of the deer family) and Seafood. FDA monitors food import entries into the US.
What pesticide guidelines is EPA responsible for?
Topical- EPA; Internal- FDA
EPA does what?
The mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is to protect human health and to safeguard the natural environment-air, water, and land. EPA’s purpose is to ensure that:
Federal laws protecting human health and the environment are enforced fairly and effectively.
Safety of tap water regulated through: Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act.
EPA sets tolerances for pesticides in food- Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, which was amended by the Food Quality Protection Act.
FQPA replaced the Delaney provision of zero tolerance for known carcinogens, with risk based tolerance setting.
FDA- The Center for Veterinary Medicine does what.
Center for Veterinary Medicine is a consumer protection organization. We foster public and animal health by approving safe and effective products for animals and by enforcing other applicable provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: prevents delivery or receipt of any food, drug, cosmetic into interstate commerce that is adulterated or is mislabeled. Before a new animal drug can be marketed, it must be approved based on quality, safety and efficacy. CVM regulates the manufacture and distribution of food additives and drugs that will be given to animals. These include animals from which human foods are derived, as well as food additives and drugs for pets. CVM is responsible for regulating drugs, devices, and food additives given to, or used on, companion animals, plus poultry, cattle, swine, and minor animal species. Minor animal species include animals other than cattle, swine, chickens, turkeys, horses, dogs, and cats. Once approved, CVM monitors the use of products through surveillance and compliance programs. Surveillance includes utilizing National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring system (NARMS).
FDA -Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition- (CFSAN)
FDA -Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition- (CFSAN) assures safe, nutritious foods (plant, dairy, milk and other beverages, eggs, food, color additives, seafood, infant formula, dietary supplements, cosmetics are wholesome and safe.
USDA- APHIS-VS-Center for Veterinary Biologics Program
USDA- APHIS-VS-Center for Veterinary Biologics Program implements the provisions of the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act (VST) to assure that pure, safe, potent and effective veterinary biologics, are available for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of animal diseases.
Ensure that biologics are free of disease producing agents, especially foreign animal diseases
Develop appropriate standards and procedures for product release
Issue licenses and permits
Monitor and inspect products and facilities
Control field tests and release of veterinary biologics
