PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE AGING POPULATION (PREFINAL LEC 2)

Question 1

-poorer health
-causing great alarm among sectors
-medical costs are higher

Answer 1

AGING POPULATION

Question 2

Challenge for public health

Answer 2

1. IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF OLDER PEOPLE BY PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND DISABILITY
2. CONFRONT THE ISSUE OF HOW COSTS CAN BE CONTROLLED IN AN EQUITABLE AND HUMANE WAY

Question 3

-65 and over
-20% of the population
-median age is increasing traditional retirement age

Answer 3

BABY-BOOM

Question 4

3 categories of baby boom

Answer 4

1. YOUNG OLD
2. AGED
3. OLDEST OLD

Question 5

at what age are most women widowed and alone and most men are married and live with their wives

Answer 5

75 YEARS OLD

Question 6

Public Health Concern

Answer 6

1. CHRONIC ILLNESS
2. DISABILITY
3. DEPENDENCY

Question 7

Cause of death of older population

Answer 7

1. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND CANCER
2. VEHICULAR ACCIDENT AND SUICIDE
3. OTHER CHRONIC ILLNESS (ARTHRITIS, DIABETES, OSTEOPOROSIS AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE)

Question 8

-1741 older population participants
-study surveyed on their smoking habits, BMI, exercise patterns, chronic conditions, use of medical services, and extent of disability (year)

Answer 8

STUDY OF PENNSYLVANIA (1986)

Question 9

determinants of health in old age

Answer 9

1. SMOKING
2. NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
3. OBESITY

Question 10

-major factor for CVD and cancer
-leading cause of death in those ages over 65
-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis and disorders of the mouth

Answer 10

SMOKING

Question 11

-affect risk of CVD and cancer
-overnutrition and lack of exercise
-diabetes and arthritis

Answer 11

NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Question 12

-poor diet and lack of exercise
-adequate calcium and VITAMIN D

Answer 12

OBESITY

Question 13

preventive measures

Answer 13

1. VACCINATION AGAINST PNEUMONIA AND INFLUENZA
2. SMOKING CESSATION
3. BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL
4. HEALTHY DIET
5. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
6. MEDICATIONS
7. CONSTANT CHECK-UP

Question 14

-with unwanted side effects
-kidney and liver functions
-increase risk of overdose
-need for better coordination and monitoring of medical care

Answer 14

MEDICATIONS

Question 15

Osteoporosis means:

Answer 15

“POROUS BONES”

Question 16

-women are more prone
-smoking and alcohol consumption
-obesity
-medication
-have no symptoms
-hip and vertebrae fracture (Dowager’s hump)

Answer 16

OSTEOPOROSIS

Question 17

statistics of older people that fall each year

Answer 17

1/3 of 65 AND OLDER

Question 18

-fracture or head injury
-mobility (arthritis, stroke and Parkinson’s disease)
-4 or more prescription drugs

Answer 18

FALLS

Question 19

risk factors of falls

Answer 19

VISION IMPAIRMENT

MUSCULAR WEAKNESS

PROBLEMS WITH BALANCE

Question 20

Recommendations to prevent falls

Answer 20

EXERCISE REGULARLY

REVIEWED MEDICATIONS

YEARLY EYE EXAMS

IMPROVE LIGHTING IN THEIR HOMES

REDUCE FALL HAZARDS IN THE HOME

VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTS

Question 21

-increases the risk of falls and other injuries
-social isolation
-depression and cognitive impairment
-reduced sensitivity to higher frequency

Answer 21

IMPAIRMENT OF VISION AND HEARING

Question 22

clouding of the lens

Answer 22

CATARACTS

Question 23

gradual increase in pressure w/n the eye

Answer 23

GLAUCOMA

Question 24

breakdown of light-sensing cells in the macula

Answer 24

MACULAR DEGENERATION

Question 25

high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina

Answer 25

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Question 26

-tooth loss, dental carries, periodontal disease, salivary dysfunction, cancer and precancerous conditions and chronic pain -impair ability to chew, taste, and swallow

Answer 26

ORAL HEALTH

Question 27

For better oral health:

Answer 27

QUIT SMOKING USE BETTER ORAL HYGIENE SELFCAR4E PRACTICES USE PROFESSIONAL DENTAL SERVICES

Question 28

-most dreaded affiliations of old age -no definitive diagnostic test -changes in the brain: characteristic tangles of fibers w/n the brain cells and deposits of the protein plaques in extravascular spaces -Diabetes and CVD

Answer 28

ALZHEIMER'S AND OTHER DEMENTIAS

Question 29

Preventive measures against Alzheimer's disease

Answer 29

1. WEIGHT CONTROL 2. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3. AVOIDANCE OF SMOKING 4. TRATMENT OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND CHOLESTEROL 5.ASPIRIN

Question 30

factors that increase the risk of disability in the elderly

Answer 30

1. SMOKING 2. POOR DIET 3. PHYSICAL INACTIVITY 4. UNSAFE DRIVING PRACTICES