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PUBLIC HEALTH DISEASES Flashcards

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1
Q

An infection disease affecting the lungs caused by Mycobacterium

A

Tuberculosis

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2
Q

Causative agent for TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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3
Q

What are the types of TB?

A

Latent and Active TB

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4
Q

Which organ is primarily affected by tuberculosis

A

Lungs

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5
Q

How is tuberculosis most commonly spread?

A

Through airborne droplets from coughs or sneezes

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6
Q

What is the typical treatment for tuberculosis?

A

Antibiotics

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7
Q

It is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus maintained in
nature by a variety of animal reservoirs

A

Rabies

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8
Q

The most common mode of transmission is through bites from infected animals,
particularly dogs, bats, raccoons, and foxes.

A

Animal bite

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9
Q

Fatal within a few weeks to months after symptoms appear

A

Coma and death

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10
Q

As the disease progresses, _________ appear, including anxiety, confusion,
agitation, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and paralysis

A

Acute stage

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11
Q

Early symptoms may include fever, HA, fatigue, and discomfort at the site of the bite

A

Prodromal stage

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12
Q

Measles is also known as

A

Rubeola

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13
Q

When was the first vaccine of measles introduced?

A

1963

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14
Q

What genus does the measles virus belong to?

A

Morbillivirus

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15
Q

What is the clinical sign appears in the oral mucosa 1-2 days before the rash in
measles patients?

A

Koplik Spots

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16
Q

At what age is the first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
vaccine typically administered?

A

12-15 months

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17
Q

What is the primary cause of chickenpox?

A

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

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18
Q

Which of the following is a key method of preventing chickenpox?

A

Varicella vaccination

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19
Q

Which symptom often appears first with chickenpox?

A

Fever

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20
Q

What helps relieve itching in chickenpox patients?

A

Antihistamines

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21
Q

Which hygiene practice helps prevent the spread of chickenpox?

A

Washing hands frequently

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22
Q

Which serious complication is associated with mumps in post-pubertal males?

A

Orchitis

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23
Q

How many different bacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be transmitted through sexual contact

A

More than 30

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24
Q

It is defined as the late stage of Human immunodeficiency virus?

25
What kind of therapy is used to delay and prevent AIDS
Antiretroviral therapy
26
How many new HIV infections where recorded in 2022
38 Million
27
What is the most affected region by HIV
Sub-Saharan Africa
28
Characterize by inflammation of the uveal tract?
Uveitis
29
Defined as the inflammation of the liver caused by viral infections can be also be triggered by toxins, alcohol, medications, and autoimmune disease?
Hepatitis
30
How Long is the incubation period for Hepatitis A
15-50 days
31
How Long is the incubation period for Hepatitis B
45-160 days
32
It is a painful, peripheral corneal ulcer, which may be more common in hepatitis C
Mooren’s ulcer
33
It also know as the clap?
Gonorrhea
34
They are usually asymptomatic
Women
35
Gonorrhea can Increase the risk of what?
HIV
36
Disease caused y the bacterium treponema pallidum
Syphilis
37
What is the name of the organ that produces insulin?
Pancreas
38
What is the most common type of diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
39
What is the name of the test that reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months?
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)
40
What is a common symptom of diabetes?
Blurred vision
41
Which type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood?
Type 1 Diabetes
42
Give 2 clinical manifestations of anemia
Fatigue, Pallor, Dyspnea, Tachycardia, Dizziness
43
A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and tissue damage across multiple organ systems, including skin, joints, kidneys, and the central nervous system
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
44
What is the classic feature of lupus which has a red, butterfly-shaped rash that appears across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose?
Butterfly Rash
45
This is described as circular, scaly patches of skin, typically on the face, scalp, or ears
Discoid Rash
46
A clinical manifestation of lupus characterized by hair loss that occurs in patches (often on the scalp) due to inflammation of the hair follicles
Alopecia
47
The most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis
Viral Conjunctivitis
48
Type of discharge secreted by Allergic Conjunctivitis
Watery discharge
49
Sexually transmitted disorder that may cause conjunctivitis, except
Streptococcus pneumoniae
50
Allergic conjunctivitis may manifest as redness on the tarsal conjunctiva with the presence of the fine excrescences which are called?
Papillae
51
Less common causative agent of bacterial conjunctivitis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
52
What are the three types of Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis
Epithelial, Stromal, Endothelial
53
Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for the reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) keratitis
High carbohydrate diet
54
What is an inflammatory condition affecting the uvea, the middle layer of the eye?
Uveitis
55
This affects the front of the eye, including the area between the cornea and iris, as well as the ciliary body. It is the most common form
Anterior Uveitis
56
Conditions like sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Crohn's disease
Autoimmune or Inflammatory Disorders
57
Such as cat-scratch disease, herpes zoster, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, or tuberculosis
Infections
58
An inflammatory disease affecting the spine, with uveitis being a common complication
Ankylosing Spondylitis
59
Refer to any objects in the eye that are not meant to be there
Foreign Bodies

PUBLIC HEALTH (1 decks)

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