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Flashcards in Public Health/Ethics Deck (19)
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1
Q

Communitarianism/community ethics

A

Is the act good for everyone who will be affected by the act?

2
Q

Deontology

A

Is the act right or wrong itself, irrespective of benefits for me, or other consequences?
Abiding to ‘duty of care’

3
Q

Consequentialism/utilitarianism

A

Whether an action is right or wrong is dependent on the consequences - the action is right if the resulting consequence has the ‘best’ impact

4
Q

Religious theory

A

Does the act respect the sanctity of human life?

5
Q

Virtue ethics

A

Am I being honest to myself and consistent in my acts?

Professionalism and morals matter most

6
Q

4 Ethical Principles (Beauchamps and Childress)

A

Autonomy (free will)
Beneficence (do good)
Non-maleficence (do no harm)
Justice (fair distribution of gain/cost)

7
Q

Biomedical model

A

The body as a machine - does not take into account the patient, how they are feeling, social factors, behaviour etc

8
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

Integrating disease and patient factors

9
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in a population

10
Q

Epidemiological triangle

A

Vector
Food
Environment

11
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases of disease in a population

Number of persons with risk of developing disease in the same population

12
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of cases of disease present in a population

Number of persons with risk of having disease in the same population

13
Q

Negative predictive value

A

Testing true negatives/true negatives

Proportion of those who test negative who actually do not have the disease

14
Q

Positive predictive value

A

Testing true positives/true positives

Proportion of those who test positive who actually have the disease

15
Q

Sensitivity

A

Proportion of those who have the disease who are correctly identified by a positive test

16
Q

Specificity

A

Proportion of those who do not have the disease who are correctly identified by a negative test

17
Q

Yield

A

Number of previously undiagnosed cases picked up by a screening programme

18
Q

Primary prevention

A

Stopping a disease before it starts

19
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Stopping a disease from getting worse