Public health, PA and excercise

Question 1

What are the recommended physical activity guidelines for children with cancer?

Answer 1

Guidelines suggest aiming for 60 minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity (PA) daily, including strength exercises. Initiatives like iPOEG (Canada) and Active OncoKids (Germany) aim to promote PA among children with cancer.

Question 2

How does the School Sport and Activity Plan (2019) recommend implementing physical activity for children?

Answer 2

Schools should provide at least 30 minutes of physical activity during school hours, utilizing PE lessons, lunchtime sports clubs, and activities like The Daily Mile. All activities should promote physical literacy, be enjoyable, and cater to the least active individuals.

Question 3

What does the Public Health England Strategy 20-25 aim to achieve?

Answer 3

The strategy aims to improve the health and well-being of the population in England, with a focus on promoting physical activity. It includes initiatives like the School Sport and Activity Plan (2019) to ensure children have access to at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily.

Question 4

How does the School Sport and Activity Plan (2019) recommend implementing physical activity for children?

Answer 4

Schools should provide at least 30 minutes of physical activity during school hours, utilizing PE lessons, lunchtime sports clubs, and activities like The Daily Mile. All activities should promote physical literacy, be enjoyable, and cater to the least active individuals.

Question 5

What insights does the Active Lives Survey 22/23 provide regarding children and young people?

Answer 5

The survey offers insights into their physical activity levels, participation in sports, active travel, and recreational activities. It also highlights trends and disparities across demographic groups.

Question 6

How have childhood obesity rates changed recently?

Answer 6

In Reception (ages 4-5), obesity prevalence increased from 9.9% in 2019/20 to 14.4% in 2020/21. In Year 6 (ages 10-11), it rose from 21.0% to 25.5% during the same period. Boys consistently have higher rates than girls, and children from the most deprived areas are disproportionately affected.

Question 7

What was the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity among children and young people?

Answer 7

During national lockdowns, over half of young people aged 7-16 in England reported being less physically active. This trend was observed internationally, with increased screen time substituting for in-person activities such as education, socializing, and hobbies.

Question 8

What is the Change4Life campaign focused on?

Answer 8

The Change4Life campaign aims to promote healthier lifestyles and combat childhood obesity, with a specific focus on reducing sugar intake through initiatives like the Sugar Swaps program.

Question 9

What challenges do children and young people (CYP) with disabilities and/or chronic health conditions face in accessing physical activity?

Answer 9

Barriers include difficulties accessing physical activity opportunities, facing discrimination, and experiencing limited accessibility. Facilitators include individualized guidelines, provisions, and considerations to facilitate safe and effective participation.

Question 10

Who proposed the concept of ‘High-risk’ strategies involving selective screening for risk factors followed by therapeutic interventions with the greatest risk?

Answer 10

Pratt et al., 2015, proposed the concept of ‘High-risk’ strategies.

Question 11

What strengths are associated with the High Risk/Intrapersonal approach in public health campaigns?

Answer 11

Strengths include high adherence rates (up to 80%), safe exercise regimes, and individual motivation due to personalized interventions.

Question 12

What was the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity among children and young people?

Answer 12

During national lockdowns, over half of young people aged 7-16 in England reported being less physically active. This trend was observed internationally, with increased screen time substituting for in-person activities such as education, socializing, and hobbies.

y.

Question 13

What is social isolation, and who has contributed to its understanding?

Answer 13

Social isolation refers to a lack of social contacts and meaningful relationships with others. Researchers like Robert S. Weiss have contributed to its understanding, primarily studied in psychology and sociology

Question 14

What are the challenges children and young people (CYP) with disabilities and/or chronic health conditions face in accessing physical activity?

Answer 14

Low PA levels are often attributed to cancer symptoms, treatment side effects, prolonged hospital stays, fear, overprotection, and lack of knowledge.

Question 15

What types of strategies are involved in community campaigns according to Pratt et al., 2015?

Answer 15

Community/organizational strategies focused on the physical and policy environment.

Question 16

What are the strengths of the Population approach in public health campaigns?

Answer 16

Cost-effectiveness, lower time-demand, ability to focus on groups needing help, and behavioral appropriation.

Question 17

What are examples of physical and policy environment strategies recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to prevent and manage various health conditions?

Answer 17

Recommendations include restricting motor vehicle access, reallocating road space, implementing road user charges, and creating comprehensive walking and cycling networks.

Question 18

What types of initiatives aim to increase physical activity engagement in children and young people?

Answer 18

Various programs and initiatives, including school-based programs, community sports clubs, active transportation initiatives, and family-centered interventions, seek to promote physical activity among CYP while emphasizing the importance of supportive environments and policies.

Question 19

What challenges exist in promoting physical activity among healthcare professionals and educators?

Answer 19

There is a lack of formal and widely disseminated guidelines for promoting physical activity. Healthcare professionals, teachers, and coaches often lack specific training in physical activity promotion, leading to a lack of confidence in recommending or encouraging exercise.

Question 20

Is physical activity mentioned as a priority in the top 10 list of priorities by the Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG)?

Answer 20

No, there is no mention of physical activity in the CCLG’s top 10 list of priorities.

Question 21

What is social isolation, and who has contributed to its understanding

Answer 21

Social isolation refers to a lack of social contacts and meaningful relationships with others. Researchers like Robert S. Weiss have contributed to its understanding, primarily studied in psychology and sociology.

Question 22

What theory emphasizes the importance of family and non-family social support as well as individually adapted intrapersonal factors in public health campaigns?

Answer 22

Interpersonal and Intrapersonal theory by Pratt et al., 2015.

Question 23

Interpersonal approach

Answer 23

Definition: Interpersonal communication occurs when a communicator interacts with others. It involves understanding and interacting effectively with other people.
Key Points:
Sender and Receiver: In interpersonal communication, a communicator interacts with external individuals.
Examples:
Conversations with friends, family, or colleagues.
Romantic relationships.
Collaborating with others.
Importance: Interpersonal communication plays a significant role in social connections and emotional well-being.

Question 24

Intrapersonal

Answer 24

Definition: Intrapersonal communication occurs when a communicator talks or thinks to themselves. It involves self-awareness and understanding one’s own thoughts, emotions, and motivations.
Key Points:
Self-Talk: In intrapersonal communication, the communicator (the self) is both the message sender and receiver.
Examples:
Reflecting on personal experiences.
Inner dialogue or self-talk.
Self-awareness and mindfulness.
Importance: Intrapersonal communication influences self-perception, decision-making, and personal growth

Question 25

What is the Trans-Theoretical Model of Stages of Change, and how does it relate to physical activity promotion?

Answer 25

The Trans-Theoretical Model proposes that behavior change occurs through distinct stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination. Strategies vary depending on the individual’s readiness to change, with interventions tailored to each stage to maximize effectiveness.