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public heath Flashcards

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1
Q

define public health

A

kepping the gneral population healthy.

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2
Q

give examples of public health

A 
hygiene
hea;th
nhs
sanitation
compulsary vacinations
buliding regulations
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3
Q

why was public heath so bad in 1350?

A

the governmnt was more concerned about trade than cleaning up waste

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4
Q

what were the main causes of disease in 1350?

A 
rats
500%popluation/overcrowding
disobeying of laws
lots of waste
dead animals in streets
squallid/dirty places
no clean toilets
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5
Q

what sollutions were there to help the public health in 1350?

A 
Gong farmers to remove waste, they had a high pay
public toiets/privies/latrines
redirecing the waste
fines for leaving the waste around
bin men/muck rackers
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6
Q

form 1350-1750 how did public health increase/ get better?

A

the aid down water pipes
the rich had personal latrines
there was public baths

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7
Q

in 1350-1750 how was waste delt with?

A

it wasnt, was not delt with properly and left around

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8
Q

why was there no public health decisions made / laws enforced properly in 1350-1750?

A

there was only local kings and lords incharge so there was no unified decisions

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9
Q

what are the sympotoms of the black death?

A

buboes, fever, headache, coughing up blodd, black fingers and toes

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10
Q

how many dies of the black death/

A

2/3 died

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11
Q

what were the two types of plague/

A

Bubonic (flea bite)

pheumonic (air bourne - 100% death rate)

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12
Q

how was the plague delt with?

A

mass graves
increases civil servants/ street sweepers
fines for dumping waste
introduced quarantines

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13
Q

what good came out of the plague?

A

made the link between dirt and disease

started fines for dumping waste

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14
Q

in 1350 what was sewers/waste removal like?

A

open sewers taking away dirt/ waste

people still used rivers to empty chamber pots

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15
Q

in 1650 what was sewers and waste removal like?

A

night soil men took away waste but not every day so it flowed over into water supplies . these were expensive

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16
Q

what changed between 1350 and 1650 in terms of sewers and waste removal, was it any help/ did it get any better ?

A

still the same but the night soil men were inroduced, they did little to help

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17
Q

in 1350 what was street planning like?

A

paving was poor and muddy with open drains. animals did not help . rakers were employed

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18
Q

in 1650 what was street planning like?

A

streets were cobbled but not well
drains blocked.
rackers were more useful now

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19
Q

what changed in terms of street planning between 1350 and 1650, was it any help/ dit it get any better?

A

still similar in terms of drains but the street rackers were better

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20
Q

in 1350 what were public toilets like?

A

some toilets but there was enough

people still used rivers and the street

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21
Q

in 1650 what were public toilets like?

A

still some toilets but the best ones were in taverns

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22
Q

what changed in terms of toilets between 1350 and 1650, was it any help/ did it get any better ?

A

toilets were the same =bad

the streets were still used.

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23
Q

in 1350 what was the water like?

A

water for drinking was carried by rivers and collected in barrels and carried around the streets

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24
Q

in 1650 what was water like?

A

water still infected by the cesspit. now a network of pipes under the city but it went stagnat

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25
what changed in terms of water between 1350 and 1650, was it any help/did it get better?
water the same (infected) a new system of piped invented but it was not much help
26
what was the problem with water suplies?
the water was dirty and unclean
27
what was the sollution made up to clean up the water?
lead pipes and water sellers in the streets
28
what was the effectof inplanting this water sollution/
frsh water in north east london but it could not keep ip with the growing population by 1750 most water was piped by private companies or stad piped
29
what did edmund colthust do in 1602?
artificial river idea, sir hugh middleton payed for it but the idea failed
30
what was the basis of edmund colthurts artificial river?
it used gravity to operate the 38 mile river
31
when was the plague a problem?
1665
32
how did they prevent the spread of the plague?
cosed theatres and places with large crowds corts collected bodies and mass graves whole houses with the plague were shut with a red cross on the door for 28 days
33
why was there so much gin 1650-1850?
it was cheap and given as wages. | prices were brought up in 1750
34
when did vaccines bceome compulsary?
1852 but enforced striclty in 1871
35
what was the main water suply for london?
the river thames
36
why was the quality of towns and cites so bad in th 19th century? buliding wise?
there was no building regualions
37
why were peole still disobeying buliding regualtions one they did come out?
it was cheaper and quicker to not follow them. more profitable as back to back housing could fit many inside
38
what were livng conditions like in the 19th century?
similar to the rensiasnsce and medieval, lots of people little space and lots of waste thingsstarted to change toward the end , very quickly.
39
who was edwin chadwick?
he was employed by the royal commission to look at oublic ehalth
40
what were the key ideas ine dwin chadwicks report?
disease, poor/poverty were linked poor live dirtyly and overcrowed, this leads to diseas sick people became porer
41
what were edwin chadwicks sollutions to the bed oublic health?
cut taxes and sae money by... improving drains and sewers remove rubbish provide clean water\appoint medical officers in each area
42
why did the givernment not like edin chadwicks ideas about public health?
they had a laissez faire attitide so didnt want to interfere
43
what was the impact of edwin chadwick?
he got lots of attentionbut little was donw.he was the comissoner for the public health act and his ideas featured in it.
44
what was the significance of edwin chadwick?
short erm not much ahppened but long term he cupled with the germ theor and was very useful
45
what did john snow do?
made maps of broad street to show cholera deat. made the link between water and chlorea.
46
what did joh snow do about cholera?
removed the handle forma pump and the deaths stopped sowing that the cholera was to do with the water. he foreced the government to take action
47
what was the great stink?
the river tames as all waste was put into it and cesspits overflowed inott. it becames very smelley near parliamnet and they were forced to take action
48
who was joseph bazalgette and what did he want to do?
wanted to bulid a sewer system under london
49
how did joseph bazelgettes sewer work?
it used natural sloped of london to move eastward. used gravity anda slight gradient to his advantage
50
what did joseph bazalgettes sewers result in?
cholera and typiod was gone. the great stink erradicated mnay lives saves the sewer are still used today
51
what did the local governemnt to in terms of public health as a result of john snow, the great stink?
funded the sewer bulindings | public health act in 1857 (conpulsary action)
52
what had happened to attitudes toward the 1900's?
governemnt left behing laisse faire attitude and took action made liks between cholera, water, disease and poverty working class could now vote
53
what was the impact of the working class being able to vote?
the government couldnt ignore them now
54
what were the 8 acts/ liberal reforms brought in form 1902-1912?
``` midwifes act 1902 free school meals 1906 school meical service 1907 births to be recorded 1907 pensions act 1908 back to back houses banned 1909 national insurance act 1911 free medical treatment in schools 1912 ```
55
what was the impact of all the new liberal reforms came out (1902-1912) ?§
``` better hospital treatment better diets for children acurate statisitcs of births stops old age orkers better livings conditions poor could get medical help now improved standards of health ```
56
what did the national insurance health act do/help?
allowed workers and employers a sickness fund s they coud get free medical care.
57
what were the good/effective parts of public health during the 1930's?
``` life expentancy rose helth inspections for childrne free milk to poor childrn vaccinations new houses built under new regulations ```
58
what was an bad point of phublic health during the 1930's?
3 millions unemployed
59
why was getting ill sucha wrry for working class families?
the could fce big bills and couldnt aford it
60
what was the chain of events after the liberal reforms that lead to the nhs?
``` liberal refoms 1930's beverage report WW2 nhs 1945 ```
61
why did nye bevan feel so passionate about illness and changing the system?
he saw it first hand and saw the illness being form a mining family
62
why did the nhs struggle with the demand?
so many people can out with illness they had not seen before. people wanted more than they had.
63
what were the benfits of free health care?
infat mortality halfed infection deaths 80% less free and accesable to everyone not just the rich
64
what was the beverage report?
key ideas for the welfare state, it was the basics of the nhs by nye bevan
65
how did the war push the nhs to happen?
they had great casulties and need something new to deal with them all. they wanted to start a new better future after the war collective resopnisbilty in the war lead to new attitudes more were aware of what like was like outside the towns
66
why was the nhs brought in?
it was a chain reaction starting with the liberal reforms, then the beverage report then the war
67
what did bevan do to get the nhs in place?
he was determined to help and allowed the poor medical help for free this was a big selling point
68
what is the nhs?
the national health service. allows the oublic free health service and medical care
69
who opposed the nhs?
doctors as they feared losing money local hospitals didnt want to be run by government people feared cost for running the scheeme
70
what were the impacts of the nhs for wommen?
they became a priority and life expectancy was longer. wommen didnt die in birth as much any more
71
what problems did the nhs face?
costs rose quickly prescriptions had to be brought in dental charges had to be introduced
72
what was public health like before nye bevan?
only the national insurace scheem covered workers not wommen, children or unemployed
73
what factors helped nye bevan in the NHS?
he was persuasive understood toubles ( due to childhood) became misister of heath in 1945 beverage report gave ideas for the NHS

History of Public health (1 decks)

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