Public Participation 1

Question 1

Advocacy Planning

Answer 1

Develped by Paul Davidoff. Idea that the planner serves an interest group. Plural plans are produced based on goals and needs of various interests.

Question 2

Sherry Arnstein

Answer 2

Develped the Ladder of Participation” which illustrated the various levels of participation, from no participation to full participation”

Question 3

Design charrette

Answer 3

An intense collaborative effort that brings together citizens, stakeholders, and staff to develop a detailed design plan for a specific area. May be held over one or more days. Effective for quickly developing consensus

Question 4

Delphi Method

Answer 4

A structured process of participation with the intent of coming to a consensus decision. Method created by US Army Air Force in 1944. Method: a panel of citizens and stakeholders complete a series of questionnaires. Through rounds of questioning and discussion and revision of answers, the range of answers decreases and the group converges toward a solution

Question 5

Facilitation

Answer 5

A method that uses a person that does not have a direct stake in the outcome of a meeting helps groups to come to a consensus to solve complex problems

Question 6

Mediation

Answer 6

This method is a dispute resolution process that is used to help resolve conflict without involving the court system. A third–party facilitates discussion in a structured multi–stage process to help parties reach an agreement

Question 7

Public hearing

Answer 7

Meetings typically associated with the planning commission, city council, or other governing body to allow formal citizen input. Typically mandated by law. Are best used at the end of a process, and are ineffective at building participation or consensus.

Question 8

Visual preference survey

Answer 8

This participation method uses a variety of pictures depicting the natural and built environments to indicate what a citizen sees as appropriate for their community.

Question 9

Technique used when a group has a common goal that they want to implement. Brings together several organizations that work together toward a common goal.

Answer 9

Coalition building

Question 10

This method is used when stakeholders in a community cannot come to a consensus after other methods of mediation and consensus building have been exhausted

Answer 10

Conflict resolution

Question 11

This method brings together stakeholders to work together to resolve a conflict that they can all agree on

Answer 11

Consensus building

Question 12

This person was an early founder of organizing the people for planning. (back of the yards, or grassroots organizing)

Answer 12

“Saul Alinsky

1930s”

Question 13

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

Answer 13

Act that put money towards alleviating poverty. This went to fund community action agencies. Required that all programs be conducted and developed with maximum participation of the people in the neighborhood.

Question 14

This term emerged in planning vocabulary in the 1960s and 1970s. It refers to fair and equal rights for all in terms of spatial issues and social access

Answer 14

Social justice

Question 15

This book looks at issues of social justice and taking a look at how we think we practice

Answer 15

“The Deliberative Practitioner

John Forrester”

Question 16

This method is used so that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how a project will affect them. It is effective when working for the poor or those without political power.

Answer 16

Beneficiary assessment

Question 17

SARAR

Answer 17

Self–esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, and Responsibility. It is a series of techniques designed to be highly visual and accessible to those who cannot read or write. Examples: pocket charts, three pile sorting, pictures stories with gaps

Question 18

A participatory process that allows the participants to assess project alternatives by weighing the alternatives according to a group of citizen goals.

Answer 18

Goals–Achievement Matrix

Question 19

This technique is a large, multi–day event designed to bring people together to agree on changes that are needed in the community.

Answer 19

Appreciative Inquiry Summit

Question 20

This participatory technique is designed to allow interaction in small groups, but can be witnessed or heard by a large group. The meeting is set up with an inner circle of 5–6 chairs, and the remaining chairs are set up in concentric outer circles. Initially everyone is seated in the outer circles and people who wish to speak move to the inner circle

Answer 20

Samoan Circle

Question 21

CRAM Website

Answer 21

https://www.cram.com/flashcards/memorize/public-participation-1545215