Public Speaking Final

Question 1

4 Master Tropes

Answer 1

Metaphor
Metonymy
Synecdoche
Irony

Question 2

Metaphor

Answer 2

comparison without like or as
one thing (baseball)—another (politics)
Ex. Donald Trump hit a grand slam

Question 3

Metonymy

Answer 3

the substitution of the name of an attribute for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.
Washington did blah
white house did blah

Question 4

Synecdoche

Answer 4

using part for whole, or vice versa, body parts examples- hired hands for workers
Braves won-the atl braves baseball team won

Question 5

Irony

Answer 5

opposite meaning of actual words used

Question 6

Decorum

Answer 6

Fittingness or appropriateness to the speaking occasion

-Degree to which the speech conforms to the expectations of that occasion-rules of conduct

Question 7

Chiasmus

Answer 7

a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form; e.g. ‘Poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds.
Bush- I can’t hear you, well I can hear you!

Question 8

Fallacies

Answer 8

An inference that appears sound but on inspection contains a significant flaw (in every argument, matter of significance)

Question 9

(Type of Fallacy) Fallacy of Compisition

Answer 9

assuming what’s true for part is true for whole

Question 10

(Type of Fallacy) Common Cause Fallacy

Answer 10

assuming one thing causes another, when really cause of both, ignoring a common cause
-x causes y when really x and y caused by Z

Question 11

(Type of Fallacy) Post Hoc Fallacy

Answer 11

assuming that because one event occurred before another, the 1st causes the 2nd.

Question 12

(Type of Fallacy) Non Sequitur

Answer 12

a claim that is unrelated to supporting material

Question 13

(Type of Fallacy) Circular Argument

Answer 13

restating claim in different words, rather than supporting claim

Question 14

(Type of Fallacy) Ignoring Question ***Red Herring

Answer 14

diverting attention from issue at hand

Question 15

(Type of Fallacy) Equivocal Language

Answer 15

sloppy or vague language-imprecise

Question 16

(Type of Fallacy) Confusing Probability With Certainty

Answer 16

regarding certain when probable

Question 17

(Type of Fallacy) Inappropriate Emotional Response

Answer 17

appropriate emotional response more important than details of inference

Question 18

Bitzer Rhetorical Situation

Answer 18

1. EXIGENCIES- problems existing in world, not rhetorical if unable to be fixed by human, exigence is rhetorical when it is capable of positive modification and when that positive modification calls for persuasion
2. AUDIENCE-those capable of being influenced by discourse (any1 who just listens?)
3. CONSTRAINTS- made up of persons, events, objects, and relations which are part of the situation and have power to constrain decision and action
   2 Constraints:
4. Artistic Proofs (by orator)
5. Inartistic Proofs (outside elements)

Question 19

Metonymy vs. Synecdoche

Answer 19

Metonymy is when a thing refers to something else that it’s closely associated with, but unlike synecdoche, the part does not have to refer to the whole, or vice versa.