Pulm. 1 & 2

Question 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system? (other functions?)

Answer 1

gas exchange
-barrier function
-metabolic
host defense

Question 2

what is the barrier function of resp. system?

Answer 2

mucocilliary clearance

Question 3

What is the metabolic function of the resp. system?

Answer 3

angiotensin I, serotonin

Question 4

what is the host defense of the rest. system?

Answer 4

immune functions

Question 5

What are the steps of respiration?

Answer 5

1. Exchange air in the lungs
2. Exchange O2 & CO2 in the alveoli
3. O2 & CO2 are transported in blood
4. O2 & CO2 are exchanged in the cells
5. Mitochondria consume O2 and produce CO2

Question 6

Upper airway structures

Answer 6

Nose
Pharynx
Glottis
Vocal Cords

Question 7

Lower airway structures

Answer 7

Trachea
Bronchial tree
Alveoli

Question 8

Function of upper airway

Answer 8

• filter
• warm
• humidify air

Question 9

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 9

3 lobes

• oblique
• horizontal

Question 10

What is the Functional Anatomic Unit of a lung?

Answer 10

bronchopulmonary segment

Question 11

What is the basic Physiological Unit of a lung?

Answer 11

respiratory unit

• respiratory bronchioles
• alveoli

Question 12

Effects of surface tension

Answer 12

• resists being stretch
• tends to reduce surface area
• creates tendency to recoil after stretch

Question 13

Where do bronchial veins lead?

Answer 13

• 1/3 blood returns to the right heart

- 2/3 drains into pulmonary circulation

Question 14

Bronchial arteries

Answer 14

• from aorta to terminal branches
• merges with pulmonary arteries and capillaries
• 1-2% of cardiac output

Question 15

Deposition of inhaled particles

Answer 15

• Impaction in nasopharynx
• Sedimentation in small airways
• Diffusion in alveoli

Question 16

Components of mucociliary clearance system

Answer 16

• mucus layer
• periciliary fluid
• cilia

Question 17

Volume of anatomical dead space

Answer 17

150 mL

Question 18

Volume of respiratory region

Answer 18

2.5 L - 3.5 L

surface area: 50 - 100 m2

Question 19

What stabilizes alveoli?

Answer 19

• Surfuctant

- Interdependence

Question 20

What are the major muscles of inspiration?

Answer 20

• Diaphragm

- External intercostal muscles

Question 21

What are the muscles of active expiration?

Answer 21

• Internal intercostal muscles

- Abdominal muscles

Question 22

What are the accessory muscles and what are they used for?

Answer 22

• forced inspiration
• scalene
• sternocleidomastoid

Question 23

What does the spirometer fail to measure?

Answer 23

• residual volume
• functional residual capacity
• total lung capacity

Question 24

Lung Volumes

Answer 24

• Tidal Volume
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume
• Expiratory Reserve Volume
• Residual Volume

Question 25

Tidal Volume

Answer 25

Change in volume that occurs with cyclic breathing

Question 26

Inspiratory/Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 26

volumes that can be in/exhaled in addition to the tidal volume (ex.) during forced inspiration/expiration

Question 27

Residual Volume

Answer 27

the volume that remains in the lung even after forced expiration

Question 28

Inspiratory Capacity (Lung Volumes)

Answer 28

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume

Question 29

Functional Residual Capacity (Lung Volumes)

Answer 29

Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume

Question 30

Vital Capacity (Lung Volumes)

Answer 30

Inspiratory / Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal Volume

Question 31

Total Lung Capacity( Lung Volumes)

Answer 31

Inspiratory / Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal Volume + Residual Volume

Question 32

Vital Capacity

Answer 32

the amount of air that can be moved from deep inspiration to deep expiration

Question 33

Function Residual Capacity

Answer 33

the volume of air in the lungs when all respiratory muscles are relaxed

Question 34

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 34

The volume of air that can be inhaled after all respiratory muscles are relaxed (starting at FRC)

Question 35

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 35

total volume of air held by the lung. TLC includes alveolar and dead space volume and is scaled to the size of the person

Question 36

Forces that inflation must overcome

Answer 36

- viscoelastic properties of the lung parenchyma by stretching elastic and collagen fiber matrices - surface tension forces set up between air/water interface on the alveolar epithelium

Question 37

Tidal Volume (the value)

Answer 37

500 mL

Question 38

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (the value)

Answer 38

3000 mL

Question 39

Expiratory Reserve Volume (the value)

Answer 39

1200 mL

Question 40

Residual Volume (the value)

Answer 40

1200 mL