pulm Flashcards
(224 cards)
Asthma MOA
Reversible bronchoconstriction of airways
Mucosal inflammation
ASA Induced Asthma
ASA insensitivity Nasal polyps Starts w/perennial vasomotor rhinitis asthma w/minimal ingestion desensitization possible Chronic over-secretion of LKE = activate mast cells
Findings in patients with Asthma
- Sx’s worse at night
- Nasal Polyps
- Increased expiratory phase length
- Eczema or atopic dermatitis
- Use of accessory muscles
Best Initial Test - Asthma
What does CXR show?
ABG
Peak Expiratory Flow
CXR = Normal
Most Accurate Test - Asthma
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Decrease ratio of FEV1/FEVC
FEV1 decreases MORE than FEV during exacerbation
PFTs in Asthma
Albuterol effect
Methacholine effect
Decrease ratio of FEV1/FVC (FEV1 decreases MORE than FVC during exacerbation)
Increase in DLCO
Increase in FEV1 >12% w/Albuterol
Decrease in FEV1 >20% w/Methacholine or histamine
What is DLCO?
measures the alveolar membrane permeability
measures gas exchange
When is DLCO decreased?
Alveolar walls are destroyed and pulmonary capillaries obliterated - Emphysema = Obstructive Alveolar-capillary membrane thickened - Edema, Consolidation - Fibrosis = Interstitial Lung Dz
Asthma Treatment
- Inhaled SABA
- Low does ICS
- Inhaled LABA
- Increase dose of ICS
- Omalizumab for increased IgE
- Oral Steroid - Prednisone
Budesonide
What is it?
Low dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)
Category B = Pregnancy
Cromolyn and Nedocromil
MOA
Use?
Inhibit mast cell mediator release and eosinophil recruitment
Used in Peds asthma, never in adults
Theophylline
MOA
AE’s
Methylxanthine
AEs: N/V, palpitations, tremulousness, death by cardiac arrythmia
Theophylline increased toxicity with what drugs?
FQ's Clarithromycin H2 blockers (rantidine, cimetidine) some Beta blockers CCBs
Theophylline decreased toxicity with what drugs?
Rifampin
Phenobarbs
smoking
Zafirlukast: MOA
AE
Ass’d with?
LKE receptor antagonist
Hepatotoxic
Ass’d with Churg-Strauss
Adverse effects of inhaled steroids?
Dysphonia
Oral candidiasis
Adverse effects of systemic steroids?
Osteoperosis Cataracts Adrenal suppression - fat redistribution Hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, acne, hirsutism Thinning of skin, striae, easy bruising
What vaccines given to all asthma patients?
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Best indication for severity of asthma?
Increased Respiratory Rate
Severity of asthma exacerbation measured by?
Decreased PEF
ABG with increased A-a gradient
Tx for Asthma Exacerbation
Oxygen
Albuterol
Steroids - need 4-6 hrs to work
Are epinephrines used for asthma exacerbation?
Rarely - steroids used instead b/c less AE’s and same efficacy
Magnesium in asthma exacerbation?
Acute, severe exacerbation unresponsive to several rounds of Albuterol when waiting for steroids to work
When to do endotracheal intubation in asthmatic?
Unresponsive to Oxygen, Albuterol, and steroids OR Respiratory Acidosis (increased pCO2)