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PANCE Final Step Cards > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

PULMONOLOGY

A

PULMONOLOGY

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2
Q

What is the most common patient complaint with emphysema?

A

Shortness of breath

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3
Q

At what age should vaccinations for pneumococcal pneumonia begin?

A

65 years old

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4
Q

Prolonged expiration (low FEV1) should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Asthma or COPD

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5
Q

Hampton’s hump on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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6
Q

How long after administering a PPD should it be read?

A

48-72 hours

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7
Q

A patient without a functioning spleen is more susceptible to what type of organisms?

A

Encapsulated organisms most commonly Strep pneumoniae and H. Flu.

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in children less than 1 year old?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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9
Q

What is the treatment for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

A

Bactrim

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10
Q

What occupations are associated with berylliosis?

A

Aerospace and nuclear plant workers

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11
Q

What CXR finding might make you think of berylliosis?

A

Diffuse infiltrates with hilar adenopathy

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12
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of a pleural effusion?

A

Thoracocentesis

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13
Q

When performing a decompression for a tension pneumothorax where do you put the needle?

A

2nd intercostal space at the midclavicular line

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14
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) may be given to children above what age?

A

1 year old

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15
Q

Zanamivir (Relenza) may be give to children above what age?

A

7 years old

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16
Q

An HIV patient with ground glass appearance on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP used to be know as PCP)

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17
Q

A noncaseating granuloma should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Sarcoidosis

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18
Q

A pearl formation on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Squamous cell lung cancer

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19
Q

Ghon or Ranke complexes on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

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20
Q

A Westermark sign on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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21
Q

Mesothelioma is most commonly found in what lung location?

A

80% are found in the pleural lining

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22
Q

What CXR finding might make you think of mesothelioma?

A

Pleural thickening, remember 80% are found in the pleura lining

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23
Q

Hyperinflation on a CXR as well as eosinophilia on CBC should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Asthma

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24
Q

What organism is the most common cause of pneumonia in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

A

Pseudomonas

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25
A college student presents with pneumonia. What two organisms should you be thinking of?
Chlamydia and mycoplasma
26
At what size induration would a PPD be positive for an HIV patient?
5mm
27
You suspect a pneumothorax. What instructions should go along with the order for a CXR?
It should be an end expiratory view in order to look for visceral pleural air.
28
List the three most commonly used medical treatments for COPD?
Oxygen, ipratropium and albuterol
29
List 4 medications which may cause asthma.
Beta blockers, NSAIDS, ACEI ASA
30
Nodular opacities in the upper lung fields should make you think of what diagnosis?
Silicosis
31
What is the initial treatment for active TB?
INH+RIF+PZA+EMB x several months typically followed by INH+RIF once sensativities come back
32
Caseating granulomas should make you think of what diagnosis?
TB
33
Blue bloater refers to the characteristic physical exam findings of what disease?
Chronic bronchitis
34
A contralateral mediastinal shift should make you think of what diagnosis?
Tension pneumothorax
35
What is the best test to diagnose bronchiectasis?
CT
36
What are the main side effects of isoniazid?
Hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy
37
You are treating a patient for TB. He has noticed that his body fluids now have an orange tint. What drug is most likely causing this?
Rifampin
38
Ethambutol has what two major side effects?
Optic neuritis, red green vision loss
39
If you see a question with anything to do with rats and the patient has pneumonia what organism should you be thinking of?
Yersinia pestis
40
What is the most common organism causing pneumonia in COPD patients?
Haemophilus influenzae
41
Where is a Pancoast tumor found on CXR?
At the apex of either the right or left lung
42
Will evidence of TB be seen more frequently in the upper or lower lung lobes on CXR?
Upper
43
A patient has pneumonia with rust colored sputum. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Strep pneumonia
44
Coal miners lung often shows nodular opacities in what lung fields?
Upper lung fields
45
When you step up the diagnosis from intermittent asthma to mild persistent asthma what medication should you add?
An inhaled steroid like fluticasone
46
Any question about rabbits and pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis?
Tularemia
47
Dullness to percussion should make you think of what diagonsis?
Lobar pneumonia
48
A young child presents to ER and you see him waiting in tripod position. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Epiglottitis
49
At what size induration would a PPD be positive for a healthcare worker?
10mm
50
List six extrapulmonary complications of lung cancer.
SPHERE - SVC syndrome, Pancoast tumor Horner's syndrome Endocrine problems Recurrent laryngeal symptoms Effusions (exudative)
51
Currant jelly sputum should make you think of what diagnosis?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
52
What happens to total lung capacity in sarcoidosis?
It goes down
53
What will the likely findings be on a CXR of a patient with asbestosis?
Linear opacities at the bases with pleural plaques
54
Tympany to percussion should make you think of what diagonsis?
Large pneuomthorax
55
What are the three most common cancers to metastasize to the lungs?
Breast, liver and colon
56
A thumbprint sign on x-ray should make you think of what two diagnoses?
Lateral C-spine = epiglottitis, abdominal = intestinal ischemia
57
A barrel chest should make you think of what diagnosis?
Emphysema
58
Are the lungs noisy or quiet in COPD?
Quiet
59
List four indications for the flu vaccine.
Child 6-59 months, pregnant female , healthcare worker, age greater than 50
60
Posttussive rales should make you think of what diagnosis?
TB
61
Bullae and blebs on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?
Emphysema
62
Rhonci or wheezes that clear after coughing suggest what diagnosis?
Bronchitis or atelectasis
63
Does FEV1 go up or down with asthma?
It goes down
64
A very sick patient with diffuse infiltrates that spare the costophrenic angles should make you think of what diagnosis?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
65
What is the most common cause of bronchiectasis?
Cystic Fibrosis
66
What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?
Sweat chloride test
67
An exudative pleural effusion should make you think of what diagnosis?
TB, Lung cancer
68
What is the first line antibiotic for epiglottis?
third generation cephalosporin - ceftriaxone
69
Transudative pleural effusions should make you think of what diagnosis?
Congestive heart failure
70
What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR?
Small cell and squamous cell
71
What two lung cancers are typically found peripherally on CXR?
Adenocarcinoma and Large cell
72
Pertussis is most commonly treated with what antibiotic?
Erythromycin
73
List the four most common places lung cancer will metastasize to.
Bone, brain adrenals and liver
74
If you come across a question where the patient has erythema nodosum and an enlarged parotid gland what is the most likely diagnosis?
Sarcoidosis
75
What is erythema nodosum?
Tender red nodules usually found on the shins.
76
A thin looking heart and flattened diaphragm on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?
Emphysema
77
If you see a question with an alcoholic who has been diagnosed with pneumonia what is the most likely organism?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
78
Honeycombing and tram tracks on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?
Bronchiectasis and idopathic pulmonary fibrosis
79
Paradoxical pulses may be found in what pulmonary disorder?
Asthma
80
An older patient presents with pneumonia and diarrhea. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Legionella pneumonia
81
Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?
Silicosis
82
List three causes of decreased tactile fremitus.
COPD, asthma , pleural effusion , pneumothorax
83
Hyperresonance to percussion should make you think of what diagnosis?
Emphysema, pneumothorax asthma
84
If you hear crackles in the lung fields list three pulmonary issues that should be in your differential.
Pneumonia fibrosis CHF Bronchitis
85
Does total lung capacity go up or down in COPD?
It goes up.
86
List three things that should be in your differential if you hear wheezes on a lung exam?
Asthma, COPD Bronchitis
87
What is it called when a patient says "ee" but on auscultion you here "ay"?
Egophony
88
A physical exam finding of egophony should make you think of what diagonsis?
Lobar pneumonia
89
A CXR shows vascular redistribution and blurred vascular outlines. What is the most likely diagnosis?
CHF

PANCE Final Step Cards (15 decks)

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