Pulm Diagnostics

Question 1

initial study to evaluate pt w/respiratory problems

Answer 1

Chest xray

Question 2

indication for CXR

Answer 2

1. persistent cough
2. chest injury
3. hemoptysis
4. chest pain
5. SOB

Question 3

conditions cant be detected w/cxr?

Answer 3

very small CA and PEs

Question 4

indication of CT

Answer 4

further examination, characterize pulm nodules, staging neoplasm, differentiate lympadenopathy form vasculature , aortic dissection and aneurysm

Question 5

risks of CT

Answer 5

radiation exposure, allergic to iodine and shellfish and kidney impairment if using contrast

Question 6

pt taking Metformin (glucophage) when CT

Answer 6

should not take it for 48 hrs after exam

Question 7

increased risk of what in peds pt with CT scans?

Answer 7

leukemia and brain tumors

Question 8

in utero exposure to radiation w/CT is linked to ?

Answer 8

peds CA mortality in offsprings

Question 9

CTA

Answer 9

1. anatomical detail of vessels, 2. AVM 3. pulm arterial invasion by a neoplasm 4. r/o PE

Question 10

what can be missed in CTA

Answer 10

subsegmental PEs

Question 11

radiologic findings of PE

Answer 11

right PA enlargement, hamptons hump, filling defect in pulmonary branch, right pleural effusion

Question 12

gold standard for PE

Answer 12

pulm angio

Question 13

indication of pulm angio

Answer 13

V/Q or CTA inconclusive

Question 14

risks of pulm angio

Answer 14

bleeding/hematoma at insertion site, arrhythmia, allergy, kidney disfunction, radiation

Question 15

absolute contraindication of MRI/MRA

Answer 15

pacemaker/defibrillator, metal in eye, clips used on brain aneurisms, cochlear implant (relative)

Question 16

estimating post op reserve capacity for pts undergoing lung resection

Answer 16

nuclear imaging

Question 17

evaluate for metastasis from primary site

Answer 17

PET

Question 18

can detect recurrence in previously irradiated, scarred areas of lung

Answer 18

PET

Question 19

localizing fluid collection is common indication for ?

Answer 19

ultrasound

Question 20

ABCs of CXR

Answer 20

Airways, Bones/Breast shadows, Cardiac silhouette, Diaphragm, Edges, Fields

Question 21

bronchopneumonia

Answer 21

patchy, involves small bronchioles and adjacent alveoli

Question 22

lobar pheumonia

Answer 22

consolidation, involves > or = 1 lobe

Question 23

air bronchograms are a/w ?

Answer 23

pulm edema, blood, gastric aspirate, inflammatory exudate

Question 24

sarcoidosis

Answer 24

Interstitial lung dz

Question 25

honeycombing is a/w

Answer 25

diffuse interstitial fibrosis

Question 26

increased radiolucency

Answer 26

COPD, Cysts, bulla, Emphysema, pnemothorax

Question 27

prominent PA and hyper-lucent lung fields are a/w

Answer 27

COPD

Question 28

lateral view of COPD

Answer 28

barrel chest, flat diaphragms, air trapping (retrosternal and inferacardiac)

Question 29

transudative effusions caused by

Answer 29

abnormal lung pressure

Question 30

HF and cirrhosis ? effusion

Answer 30

transudative effusion

Question 31

exudative effusions caused by

Answer 31

inflammation of pleura

Question 32

infections, malignancy, PE ? effusion

Answer 32

exudative effusion

Question 33

PE

Answer 33

accumulation of fluid btw the layers of the membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity

Question 34

Pneumothorax

Answer 34

air trapped btw lund and chest wall --> lung caves inward /collapse