Pulm mechanics and Pulm Compliance I

Question 1

Minute Ventilation =

Answer 1

Resp Rate X Tidal Volume

Question 2

disorders that would lead to hypoventilation

Answer 2

muscular dystrophy, resp muscle paralysis

Question 3

hypoventilation leads to

Answer 3

hypercapnea (increased CO2) –> alveolar hypoxia, resp acidemia

Question 4

causes of hyperventilation

Answer 4

panic attack, anxiety

Question 5

hyperventilation leads to

Answer 5

alveolar hypocapnea (decreased CO2), resp alkalosis

Question 6

hyperventilation

Answer 6

breathing faster than required for oxygenation

Question 7

negative intrapleural pressure

Answer 7

• causes inspiration

- between lung and body wall

Question 8

pressure gradient for end expiration

Answer 8

Patm = Palveolar = 0

Question 9

pressure gradient for inspiration

Answer 9

Palveolar < Patm

-

Question 10

muscles activated for inspiration

Answer 10

• external intercostal
• scalene
• diaphragm

Question 11

muscles activated for active expiration

Answer 11

• internal intercostals

- abs

Question 12

pressure gradient for expiraition

Answer 12

Palveolar > Patm

Question 13

Pressure gradient if the breath is held at any lung volume with no air moving, and with the mouth and glottis open

Answer 13

Palveolar = Patm

Question 14

esophageal balloon

Answer 14

measures intrapleural pressure

Question 15

punctured lung

Answer 15

pneumothorax

Question 16

Ptransmural =

Answer 16

Pinternal - Pexternal

Question 17

Plung =

Answer 17

Palveolar - Ppleural

• must be (+) for inflation
• sets degree of inflation

Question 18

Pchest wall =

Answer 18

Pplueral - Patm

-negative at rest

Question 19

Ptotal =

Answer 19

Palveolar - Patm = Plung + Pchest wall

-at equilibrium = 0

Question 20

static compliance

Answer 20

P vs V

Question 21

lung compliance is _____ in fibrosis and _____ in emphysema

Answer 21

• increased

- decreased

Question 22

An increased lung compliance makes it difficult to ____ while a decreased lung compliance makes it difficult to ____

Answer 22

• exhale

- inspire

Question 23

destruction of alveolar septae –> decrease in alveolar SA, blebs

Answer 23

emphysema

Question 24

enzyme function lost in emphysema

Answer 24

inhibition of alveolar septae digestion

Question 25

Increase compliance --> ______ functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 25

increase

Question 26

diseases induced by inhalation of dust asbestos, coal, silica, and other toxic mineral particles

Answer 26

pneumoconioses - form granules, fibrosis - decreased compliance = stiffer lung - hard to inspire

Question 27

what is alpha-antitrypsin, what inhibits it and what is the result of this inhibition

Answer 27

-neutrophils in lung release proteases -alpha-antitrypsin inhibits proteases to protect lung -smoke inhibits alpha-antitrypsin -lung CT is destroyed --> increased compliance =EMPHYSEMA

Question 28

lowers surface tension, increases compliance

Answer 28

surfactant

Question 29

decrease in surfactant

Answer 29

increase recoil --> deflation of lung

Question 30

recoil pressure of a saline-filled lung is _______ that of an air-filled lung

Answer 30

much less than

Question 31

why use saline filled lung

Answer 31

- abolishes the recoil pressure due to surface tension | - can measure component of surface tension due to elastic fibers only