Pulmo AnaPhy Flashcards by Moses ‎

Accessory muscles for expirations, EXCEPT:

a. Abdominals
b. Internal intercostals
c. External intercostals
d. None of the above

External intercostals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This describes a pump-handle motion:

There is a forward and upward movement of the sternum and upper ribs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Caliper motion acts on:

ribs 8-12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The carina is seen on radiographs at the _________ or the fourth thoracic vertebra.

4th rib

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The amount of air inhaled & exhaled with each breath is known as:

Tidal volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An indentation where the root of the lungs enter:

Hilum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Are stretch receptors that are very sensitive to changes in pH, PaCO2 and PaO2:

Hering-Breuer reflex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The part of the lower airway where the trachea divides into right main stem & left main stem bronchi:

Carina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What cell type are considered flat cells lining the alveoli?

Type I alveolar cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This cartilage serves as trap door which prevents food and water from entering into the trachea:

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following describes the vital capacity (VC)?
I. The sum of the TV, IRV, and ERV
II. Itis measured by a maximum inspiration followed by a maximum expiration
III. Approximately 4500 mL
IV. Decreases with age and is less in the supine position than inan erect posture (sitting or standing)

a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I, II and III
d. I, II, III and IV

d. I, II, III and IV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The upper and lower respiratory tracts, as a unit, serve which of the following functions:

a. Conduct air to and from the alveolar system for gas exchange
b. Assist with humidification and trap small particles to clean the air with the mucosal lining
c. Move mucus upward with the cilia
d. All of the above

All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the muscles involved for relaxed inspiration?

I. Diaphragm
II. Internal intercostals
III. External intercostals
IV. Upper trapezius

a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I, II and III
d. I, II, III and IV

I and III

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The product of breathing frequency and tidal volume (VT) is

Ventilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The airway branch where alveoli first appear is the ___________.

Respiratory bronchiole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the maximal volume inspired after normal inspiration?

Inspiratory reserve volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The following are causes of respiratory alkalosis:

I. COPD
II. Hyperventilation
III. Respiratory failure
IV. Ventilator

a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I, II and III
d. I, II, III and IV

II and IV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Causes shift to left of O2-Hgb dissociation curve:

a. Increased 2, 3 DPG
b. Increased pH
c. Increased temperature
d. Increased Hydrogen ions e. All of these

Increased PH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is the anatomic gas exchange unit of the lung, made up of the respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sacs, and the alveoli?

a. Capillaries
b. Air sacs
c. Acinus
d. Conducting zone
e. Alveoli

Acinus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many segments are there in the left lung?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is commonly used for emergency intubation?

Larynx

MC: Trachea

Functional residual capacity minus the residual volume: a

ERV

Which of the following conditions correlate with the following information?
High pH
High HCO3
High BE Neutral pCO2

Metabolic Alkalosis

Which of the following shows the correct relationship?

a. VC = IC +ERV - VT
b. RV = (VT + FRC) - ERV
c. FRC = RV + ERV + VT
d. TLC = (FRC - ERV) + VC

TLC = (FRC - ERV) + VC

The horizontal fissure separates the:

Middle and Upper lobes of R lung

Which of the following blood gas measurements determines how the patient’s lungs are being ventilated? a. pH b. PaCO2 c. PaO2 d. HCO3

PaCO2

Which of the following conditions shifts the HbO2 dissociation curve to the right? a. Hypercapnia b. Hypothermia c. Alkalemia d. HbCO 28

Hypercapnia HbCO 28 - 7-9% (smoker)

IC + ERV is equal to

What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis, EXCEPT: a. Diabetes mellitus b. None of these c. Diuretics d. Antacids e. Vomiting

``` A patient with a 2 L/min nasal cannula has the following ABG results: pH 7.51 PaCO2 27 mm Hg PaO2 62 mm Hg HCO3 23 mEq/L ``` These results indicate which of the following conditions?

Respi Alka

Divisions of the pharynx which serve as passageway of air? I. Nasopharynx II. Oropharynx III. Laryngopharynx a. I and III b. I and II c. II and III d. I, II and III

I, II and III

A type of breathing pattern seen in patients with severe metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)? a. Hypopnea b. Hyperpnea c. Kussmaul respiration d. Biot respiration e. Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Kussmaul respiration

Signs of complete upper airway obstruction? I. Inability to talk II. Increased respiratory difficulty with no air movement III. Cyanosis IV. Use of accessory muscles of neck and chest V. Extreme panic a. I, II, III b. I, III, IV c. I, III, IV, V d. II, III, IV, V e. I, II, III, IV, V

I, II, III, IV, V

The following statements describe the respiratory rate, EXCEPT: a. Is the number of breaths in 1 minute b. Is measured by counting chest excursion for 1 minute c. None of these d. Is increased in hypoxia and hypercarbia and is decreased with central respiratory center depression or depressing hypoxic drive in a COPD patient e. A normal value is 12/min to 20/min

None of these

Most probably resting place of large, aspirated objects: a. Respiratory bronchioles b. Lobar bronchi c. Right main bronchus d. Left main bronchus

Right main bronchus - cause it's shorter,wider& vertical - pag small aspirated: Lobar bronchi

You are examining a patient diagnosed with COPD who suddenly develops dizziness, early tetany, &numbness. What is the likely cause of this? a. Respiratory acidosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Panic attack d. None of the above

Respiratory alkalosis DENTS

Air volume remaining in the lungs after maximum expiratory effort:

Residual volume

A control of respiration located on nucleus parabrachialis which controls the rate and depth of respiration? a. Dorsal respiratory group b. Ventral respiratory group c. Pneumotaxic center d. Apneustic center

Pneumotaxic center - upper pons(nucleus parabrachialis)

When you inhale, the diaphragm: a. Relaxes and moves inferiorly b. Relaxes and moves superiorly c. Contracts and moves superiorly d. Contracts and moves inferiorly

Contracts and moves inferiorly

``` Stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors: I. Acidosis II. High PaCO2 III. Low PaO2 IV. Alkalosis ``` a. I and III b. II and IV c. I, II and III d. I, II, III and IV

I, II and III

The tracheobronchial tree comprises of how many generations? a. 23 c. 10 b. 20 d. 32

Which of the following prevents the aspiration of foods and liquids? a. Epiglottis b. Cricoid cartilage c. Arytenoid cartilages d. Thyroid cartilages

epiglottis

Which of the following are accessory muscles of respiration? I. Trapezius muscles II. Internal abdominis obliquus muscles III. Scalene muscles IV. Transversus abdominis muscles a. I and III b. II and IV c. I, II and III d. I, II, III and IV

I and III

The lung segment called the superior lingula is found in the: a. Left lung, lower division of the upper lobe b. Right lung, lower lobe c. Left lung, upper division of the upper lobe d. Right lung, upper lobe

Left lung, lower division

What is the normal FEV1/FVC ratio? a. < 0.8 b. 0.8 c. >0.8

0.8

What is the membrane that covers the thoracic wall? a. Parietal pleura b. Intrapleural space c. Visceral pleura d. None of these

Parietal pleura

The canals of Lambert are found in the: a. Trachea b. Terminal bronchioles c. Alveoli d. Main stem bronchi

Terminal bronchioles

The Eustachian tubes are found in the: a. Nasopharynx b. Oropharynx c. Laryngopharynx d. Oral cavity

Nasopharynx

Respiration can be best described by: a. Gas exchange in the lungs b. Gas exchange secondary to pressure differences c. Transfer of gases between body cells & the environment d. Ventilation of the lungs

Transfer of gases between body cells & the environment

Helium dilution, nitrogen washout and body plethysmography are considered as: A. Direct spirometry B. Indirect spirometry C. Both D. Neither

Indirect spirometry