PULMO: BRONCHIAL ASTHMA Flashcards
(60 cards)
The rising prevalence of asthma in developing countries is associated with?
INCREASED URBANIZATION
Most patients with asthma in affluent countries are ATOPIC, with allergic sensitization to the…
HOUSE DURST MITE (DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS) and other environmental allergens, such as animal fur and pollens.
Peak age of asthma presentation
THREE YEARS OLD
TRUE OR FALSE.
In childhood, twice as many males as females are asthmatic, but by adulthood the sex ratio has equalized.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE.
Adults with asthma, including those with persistent symptoms during adulthood, RARELY become permanently asymptomatic.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE.
The severity of asthma DOES NOT vary significantly within a given patient.
TRUE.
Those with mild asthma RARELY progress to a more severe disease, whereas those with SEVERE asthma usually have SEVERE disease at the onset.
Deaths from asthma are relatively UNCOMMON.
A rise in asthma mortality seen in several countries during the 1960s was associated with…
INCREASED USE OF SABA (AS RESCUE THERAPY).
But there is now compelling evidence that the more widespread use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with persistent asthma is responsible for the decrease in mortality.
Three major risk factors for ASTHMA DEATHS
- Poorly controlled disease with frequent use of bronchodilators
- Lack of or poor compliance with ICS therapy
- Previous admissions to hospital with near-fatal asthma
RISK FACTORS AND TRIGGERS INVOLVED IN ASTHMA
SIX ENDOGENOUS RISK FACTORS IN ASTHMA
GAGO EE! Genetic predisposition Atopy Gender Obesity
Ethnicity
Early viral infections
NINE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS IN ASTHMA
O, PRADA DIO!
Occupational sensitizers
Passive Smoking Respiratory infections Air pollution (diesel particulates, nitrogen oxides) Dampness and mold exposure Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Diet
Indoor allergens
Outdoor allergens
Major risk factor for asthma
ATOPY
Patients with asthma commonly suffer from OTHER ATOPIC DISEASES, particularly…
ALLERGIC RHINITIS (found in >80%) ATOPIC DERMATITIS (eczema)
The allergens that lead to sensitization (of atopic individuals) are usually…
PROTEINS THAT HAVE PROTEASE ACTIVITY.
The most common allergens are derived from house dust mites, cat and dog fur, cockroaches (in inner cities), grass and tree pollens, and rodents (in lab workers).
TRUE OR FALSE
There is a high degrees of concordance for asthma in identical twins.
TRUE
The most consistent findings of genetic predisposition in asthma have been associations with…
POLYMORPHISMS OF GENES ON CHROMOSOME 5q, including the T helper cells (TH2) IL 4/5/9/13 - associated with Atopy.
Virus infection in infancy implicated in the development of asthma
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
Living in a damp house with exposure to ________________ is now recognized to be a risk factor.
MOLD SPORES
TRUE OR FALSE.
The observation that allergic sensitization and asthma were LESS COMMON in children with older siblings suggested that LOWER LEVELS OF INFECTION MAY BE A FACTOR in affluent societies that INCREASES the risk of asthma.
TRUE
What does the HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS propose?
LACK OF INFECTIONS in early childhood PRESERVES THE TH2 CELL BIAS AT BIRTH, whereas exposure to infections and endorphin results in a shift toward a PREDOMINANT PROTECTIVE TH1 IMMUNE EXPOSURE.
-Children brought up on farms or intestinal parasitisim may also be associated with a reduced risk of asthma.
Low consumption of the following is associated with an INCREASED RISK of asthma
- Low vitamin C, A, D
- Low magnesium
- Low selenium
- Low omega 3 polyunsaturated fats (fish oil)
High consumption of the following is associated with an INCREASED RISK of asthma
- High sodium
2. High omega 6 polyunsaturated fats
An independent risk factor for asthma particularly in women.
OBESITY
There is increasing evidence that exposure to road traffic pollution is associated with increased asthma symptoms, with the main culprits being….
DIESEL PARTICULATES
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
