PULMONARY 2.0 Flashcards
(63 cards)
Your tidal volume can increase to …
2.0 L or more
When do respiratory muscles contract
when stimulated by their nerve supply
Where is the primary respiratory control centre
the respiratory centre in the medial medulla
What is the route of impulses to control respiratory muscles
From respiratory centre in medial medulla to motor neurons located in spinal cord to respiratory muscles
What are factors that affect medullary control of pulmonary ventilation
- Peripheral chemoreceptors
- Receptors in lung tissue
- Proprioceptors in joints and muscles
- Core temperature
- Chemical state of blood in medulla
Where is the best peripheral chemoreceptor
in carotid artery
What do chemoreceptors do
sample PO2 and PCO2 in blood as it goes by
When do the receptors in lung tissue send signals to the brain
when they are stretched
When do muscles and joints send signals to the brain
when there is lots of movement - to adjust breathing accordingly
When core temp ____ it ____ breathing regulatory centres in the brain
increases
excites
Upon onset of exercise there is a ____ increase in minute ventilation
sharp
What occurs to breathing as you stop exercising
it gradually comes back down
What occurs to minute ventilation in non-steady-rate exercise from rest to moderate
increases in proportion to oxygen consumption over range from rest to moderate exercise
What occurs to minute ventilation in non-steady-rate exercise from moderate to strenuous
increases disproportionately to oxygen consumption
What occurs when there is inadequate O2 delivery or utilization (series of events)
reliance on anaerobic metabolism -> increase lactate -> production of H2O and CO2 -> Excess, non-metabolic CO2 stimulates increased pulmonary ventilation (additional exhalation of CO2)
What is the reaction from lactate and NaHCO3 to H2O and CO2
lactate + NaHCO3 -> Na lactate + 2CO3 -> H2O + CO2
What is ventilatory threshold
The point at which ventilation increases disproportionately with oxygen uptake during incremental exercise
What are the 2 main factors that determine the energy requirement of breathing
- Compliance of the lung and thorax
- Resistance of airways to smooth flow of air
what is compliance
how easily these tissues stretch
For a healthy individual at rest, what % of total oxygen consumption is to the respiratory muscles themselves
3-5%
For a healthy individual at max, what % of total oxygen consumption is to the respiratory muscles themselves
10-15%
As compliance of respiratory muscels decreases, work of breathing ____
Increases
What is an example of a condition where the compliance or air resistance in the respiratory system is decreased
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
for people with COPD, what % of total oxygen consumption is to the respiratory muscles themselves at max
40%
