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patho test #3 > pulmonary > Flashcards

pulmonary Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

what part of the brain controls the resp system?

A

pons in brainstem

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2
Q

what makes bronchioles so important/different?

A

only pipes capable of bronchodilation/constriction

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3
Q

fun of turbinates

A

warm, humidify air

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4
Q

structures of upper resp tract

A

nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx

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5
Q

structures of lower resp tract

A

trachea
primary bronchi
lungs

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6
Q

3 fxns of respiratory mucosa

A
  1. protection
  2. immune support
  3. lubricant
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7
Q

what is the immune fxn of the resp mucosa

A

mechanically capture debris
presence of “mucins” (proteoglycans)
bacteria interface

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8
Q

significance & fxn of hyoid bone

A

free floating

protects voice box

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9
Q

the triangle cartilage below the thyroid cartilage

A

cricoid cartilage

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10
Q

fxn of alveoli

A

increase surface area for gas exchange

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11
Q

emphysema

A

decreased surface area for gas exchange

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12
Q

difference between L and R bronchi

A 
L= more horizontal
R= longer and lateral
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13
Q

most common site of aspiration

A

R bronchus

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14
Q

lobes in Left lung

A

2

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15
Q

lobes in Right lung

A

3

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16
Q

pericardium

A

3 layers of membrane around heart

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17
Q

pleura

A

2 layers of membrane around lungs

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18
Q

peritoneum

A

2 layers of membrane around abdominal cavity/organs

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19
Q

parietal pleura

A

outermost sac around lungs

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20
Q

visceral pleura

A

innermost sac around lungs

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21
Q

intrapleural cavity

A

negative pressure, like a vacuum

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22
Q

pneumothorax

A 
collapsed lung (sac) d/t increase pressure
Intrapleural pressure>alveolar pressure
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23
Q

muscles of inspiration (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

Primary: diaphragm
Secondary: external intercostals

24
Q

what does the diaphragm do for inspiration

Study These Flashcards
A

contracts to increase volume,

causes air to flow in

25
muscles of forces expiration (2)
primary: rectus abdominus secondary: internal intercostals
26
elastic properties of the lung and chest wall
elastic recoil | compliance
27
relationship b/t gas pressure & volume
inverse increase volume=decrease pressure decrease volume=increase pressure
28
pressures in inspiration
``` atmospheric pressure(PB)>(PA)alveolar pressure causing air to flow in ```
29
pressures in expiration
atmospheric pressure (PB)
30
4 steps of ventilation
1. ventilation- move air 2. diffusion- alveoli to blood 3. perfusion-delivery of O2&glucose rich blood 4. diffusion- O2 from systemic capillaries into cells
31
perfusion
qualitative | delivery of oxygen and glucose rich blood (good blood)
32
2 centers of Pons
1. apneustic center | 2. pneumotaxic center
33
apneustic center
stimulates neurons to promote inspiration via external intercostals and the diaphragm
34
pneumotaxic center
stimulated neurons to promote expiration via the internal intercostals and rectus abdominis
35
fxn of chemoreceptors
detect CO2 levels if CO2 is high, then O2 must be low NOT O2!!!
36
central chemoreceptors
located in medulla
37
peripheral chemoreceptors
located in the aorta&carotid bodies
38
if CO2 is high
then O2 must be low | symp NS stimulates increased RR
39
ventilation
mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs
40
Type I alveolar cells
build/form physical membrane of alveoli
41
Type II alveolar cells
produce surfactant
42
dust cell
macrophage of lungs
43
aveolocapillary membrane
formed by the shared alveolar and capillary walls
44
ventilation-perfusion ratio
VQ | moving O2 rich blood
45
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
- caused by low alveolar PO2 | - blood is shunted to other, well- ventilated portions of the lungs
46
pathologic shunting | cause/effect
if hypoxia affects all segments of the lungs, the vasoconstriction can result in pulmonary hypertension
47
acidemia
increased CO2 | causes pulmonary artery constriction
48
dyspnea
uncomfortable breathing
49
orthopnea
dyspnea d/t change in pt posture
50
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
painful breathing while sleeping commonly associated with left ventricular heart failure
51
cause of Kussmaul respirations
acedemia
52
why does Kussmaul present tachypnea
to get rid of CO2 b/c of academic blood
53
Cheyne-Stokes
lip breathing, not always but usually near death
54
hypercapnia
high CO2
55
hypocapnia
low CO2
56
hemoptysis
bloody sputum

patho test #3 (1 decks)

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