Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OTSEM: Pulmonary/Respiratory System > Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

4 functions of respiratory system

A
  • Ventilation and perfusion
  • Respiration
  • Transport of O2 and CO2
  • Diffusion of O2 and CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is the act of moving air in and out of lungs

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Law of Physics for ventilation

A

Boyle’s Law

inhale = air goes in our lungs; exhale = air goes outside our lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is referred to as the pulmonary blood flow

A

Perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the greates perfusion?

A

Base of the lungs d/t gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the normal ventilation to perfusion?

A

V/Q ratio: 0.8 or 80%
Fev1/ FVC ratio: 0.8 or 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

referred as gas exchange

A

respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

External respiration happens between ____ and ____;
Internal respiration happens between ___ and ____

A

External: alveoli and capillaries
Internal: capillaries and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is referred to as the inhalataion and exhalation

A

transport of O2 and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

from high to low concentration (a passive process)

A

Diffusion of O2 and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 components of URT

upper respiratory tract

A
  1. Nose/Nasal cavity
  2. Pharynx or Throat
  3. Larynx or voice box
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define NOSE and its function

A

Definition: large, mucosal (moist) surface area
Function: filters and warms/ humidify air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe PHARYNX and what are the 3 divisions of pharynx

A

aka throat
under respiratory and gastrointestinal system
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of Larynx aka voice box

A

a. Voice/sound production
b. Ensures that air will pass through the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the guardians of the airways prevent foreign object pass through the trachea, leaflet structure

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

other name for the Lower respiratory tract and how many generations are there?

A

Tracheobronchial Tree
23 generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the generations of LRT (10)

T, MB, LB, SB, Tb, Rb, AD, AS, A, C

A
  1. Trachea (windpipe)
  2. Mainstem bronchi (R/L)
  3. Lobar bronchi
  4. Segmental bronchi
  5. Terminal bronchioles
  6. Respiratory bronchioles
  7. Alveolar ducts
  8. Alveolar sacs
  9. Alveoli (structural unit of the lungs) (300M)
  10. Capillaries

  • Most common site of intubation = Trachea
  • Tracheostomy – procedure of opening trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Passageway of air only; no ga exchange occurs

A

Conducting zone

Trachea up to terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

functional unit of the lungs

A

Acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Level of division or bifurcation of L/R bronchi

A

Carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

common resting place for large aspirated objects and reason why

A

R main Bronchus: shorter, wider and more vertical in orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which lung is common for occurrence of aspiration pneumonia

A

Right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

structural unit of lungs

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

membrae covering the lungs including the fissure lines

A

Visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
membrane that covers the thoracic wall
Parietal pleura
26
Space found between the visceral and parietal
pleural space
27
Normal pleural space pressure
-4 mmHg
28
2 function of pleural fluid
lubricate pleurae and shock absorption
29
What is type I cells
flat cells lining the alveoli
30
What is type II cells
Synthesizes or secretes "Surfactant" ## Footnote Surfactant: reduce surface tension of lungs to prevent to collapse
31
Condition where surfactant is decrease in newborns leading to collapse of small alveoli
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ## Footnote other name: Hyaline Membrane Disease
32
Anterior Boundary of lungs
Sternum ## Footnote aka dagger bone
33
Posterior boundary of lungs
thoracic vertebrae (12)
34
Lateral boundary of lungs ## Footnote how many pairs? What are their divisions?
Ribs ## Footnote 12 pairs = 24 total **True ribs**: pair 1-7 - attached to sternum **False ribs**: pair 8-10 - attached to 7th rib **Floating ribs**: Pair 11-12 - attached to T11/T12
35
Muscles involved during **RELAXED INSPIRATION**
Diaphragm (Primary) External Intercostals (Assist)
36
Muscles involved during Forced Inspiration ## Footnote Accessory mm of respiration
**S**ternocleidomastoid (SCM) **U**pper trapezius **P**ectoralis major/minor **A**nt/mid/post scalenes **S**erratus Ant/Post. Superior ## Footnote Boxer's muscle = Serratus
37
Muscles involved during relaxed expiration
None. Only elastic or passive recoil od lungs and thorax
38
Muscles involved during Forced Expiration
**A**bdominals **S**erratus post Inf **I**nternal intercostals
39
# Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) pH
7.35 - 7.45
40
# Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) PACO2 ## Footnote *Partial pressure of CO2
35-45 mmHg
41
# Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) PAO2 ## Footnote Partial pressure of O2
80-100mmHg
42
# Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) HCO3 ## Footnote Bicarbonate
22-26 mEq/L
43
# Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) SAO2 ## Footnote Oxygen Saturation
95-100%
44
# inversely or directly pH is ____ related to PACO2 ## Footnote *Respiratory
Inversely
45
# inversely or directly pH is ____ related to HCO3 ## Footnote Metabolic
Directly
46
# RESPIRATORY: Alkalosis or Acidosis? increase pH = decreased PACO2
Alkalosis
47
# RESPIRATORY: Alkalosis or Acidosis? decreased ph = incresed PACO2
Acidosis
48
# Metabolic: Alkalosis or Acidosis? decreased ph = decreased HCO3
Acidosis
49
# Metabolic: Alkalosis or Acidosis? increased pH = increased HCO3
Alkalosis
50
Identify cause of Respiratory Acidosis ## Footnote *Cayetano Jingle
COPD Atelectasis Respiratory failure Pneumonia Asthma ## Footnote *CARPA CARPA CARPA RESPI ACI – ACIDOSIS!*
51
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis ## Footnote * Don't stop the music song
DM- Ketoacidosis Diarrhea Renal Failure ## Footnote *D, D RENAL FAILURE (2X) D, D, RENAL (3X) KETOACIDOSIS MAC MAC*
52
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ## Footnote *Voltes 5 theme
Vomiting Antacids Nasogastric suction Diuretics Excessive bicarbonate ingestion
53
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis ## Footnote * Binibirocha
Hypoxemia Hyperventilation Ventilator Pain ## Footnote *HYPOXCEMIA, HYPERVEN, VENTILATOR TSAKA PAIN. CAUSES NG RAL SYA (2x)*
54
amt of air that can be **contained** inside the lungs **after** a **maximal inspiration**
TLC ## Footnote total lung capacity: 6000mL
55
amt of air that can be **maximally expired after** a **maximal inspiration**
VC ## Footnote Vital capacity: 4500mL
56
amt of air left/**remained** inside the lungs **after** a max or **forceful expiration**
RV ## Footnote Residual volume: 1500mL
57
amt of air that can be **maximally inspired** in **after a Normal expiration**
IC ## Footnote Inspiratory Capacity: 3500mL
58
amt or **remain** of air inside lungs **after Normal expiration**
FRC ## Footnote Functional Residual Capacity: 2500mL
59
Amt. of **air** that can still be **expired** **after N expiration**
ERV ## Footnote Expiratory reserve volume: 1000mL
60
amount or volume of air amount or volume of **air inspired or expired with each normal breath**
TV ## Footnote Tidal volume
61
amount or volume of air amount or volume of **air inspired or expired with each normal breath**
TV ## Footnote Tidal volume: 500mL
62
amt or vol of **air** that can still be **inspired in after Normal inspiration**
IRV ## Footnote Inspiratory reserve volume: 3000mL
63
Lung volumes and capacity that cannot be measured using a Spirometer
RV FRC TLC
64
Devise used to measure RV, FRC, TLC
Helium/Nitrogen wash out Body Plethysmography

OTSEM: Pulmonary/Respiratory System (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions