Pulmonary Conditions

Question 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 1

A preventable but also progressive, life-threatening disorder were lungs are irreparably damaged.

Characterized by airflow obstruction impacting gas exchange causing dyspnea, and limited reserve lung capacity with greater risk of hypoxemia (low O2 in blood)

Question 2

Emphysmea

Answer 2

Destruction of alveolar walls - large permanently inflated alveolar air spaces.

Signs and Symptoms: Dyspnea, hyperventilation, hyperinflation, fatigue, weight loss, clubbed fingers

Question 3

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 3

Changes in the bronchi resulting from constant irritation

Signs and Symptoms: Constant productive cough, shortness of breath, hypoxia, cyanosis (bluish tinge)

Question 4

Asthma

Answer 4

Periods of severe but reversible bronchial obstruction.

Signs/Symptoms: Cough, wheezing, labored breathing, sticky mucus, hypoxia, tachycardia, hyperventilation, respiratory distress/failure

Treatment: Prevention measures, inhalers, medications

Question 5

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)

Answer 5

Group of disorders that share similar clinical profiles. Characteristic: permanent lung scarring

Question 6

Tuberculosis (TB)

Active and secondary infection

Answer 6

Caused by infection in the lungs by bacteria.

Active infection: tubercles grow and spread (tiny calcification)

Secondary infection: Active infection years after primary infection (can live dormant for years before an active infection)

Question 7

Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis

Answer 7

Primary is asymptomatic but then during active infection…

Anorexia, fatigue, malaise, weight loss, low-grade fever, sputum often contains blood

Question 8

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Answer 8

Abnormally thick secretions which affect the lungs and pancreas. Marked by frequent bacterial infections that destroy the lung tissue. Digestive tract - ducts are blocked that transport pancreative enzymes

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms of CF

Answer 9

Salty skin, failure to gain weight, chronic cough, frequent lung infections

Question 10

What is Remediation?

Answer 10

Fixing the problem. Targeting the problem.

Question 11

What is Compensatory?

Answer 11

Alternative ways to complete a task while focusing on energy conservatio

Question 12

What does a tailored education plan include?

Answer 12

• Medication management training
• Healthy leisure pursuits - promote lifestyle balance
• Information about community resources
• Smoking cessation
• Caregiver recommendations to support safe transitions

Question 13

Symptoms of Lung Disease

Answer 13

Increased shortness of breath, deconditioning with loss of muscle, chronic cough, increased sputum production, and anxiety and depression

Question 14

Types of Pulmonary Support

Answer 14

Nasal Cannula

Oxygen cannisters

Artifical Venitilation

Question 15

What is Broncho Pulmonary Dysplasia?

Answer 15

Found in babies. Damage due to mechanical ventilation. Overstretch of the alveoli causing damage and inflammation. Typically affects infants born before 32 weeks gestation.

Question 16

Sneezing

Answer 16

Reflexive response to upper respiratory irritant

Question 17

Coughing

Answer 17

Irritants to upper or lower. Post nasal drip reflex to cough

Question 18

Sputum

Answer 18

Mucus/discharge

Yellow/green: bacterial
Rusty/dark: pneumonia
Clear/colorless: healthy

Question 19

Hemoptysis

Answer 19

Blood in the sputum

Question 20

Atypical breathing patterns

Answer 20

10-18 bpm at rest.

• Rapid
• Labored
• Wheezing
• Stridor

Question 21

Dyspnea

Answer 21

Shortness of breath

Question 22

Cyanosis

Answer 22

Bluish coloring of the skin, lips, fingertips and toes

Question 23

Hupoxemia

Answer 23

Inadequate O2 supply to cells

Question 24

Clubbed fingers

Answer 24

Enlargement of the nail beds of the finger