Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory 2 > Pulmonary Infections- Path > Flashcards

Pulmonary Infections- Path Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

This is the patchy consolidation of the lung with focal consolidated areas of acute suppurative inflammation.

A

Lobular bronchopneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main cause to lobular bronchopneumonia, bacterial or viral?

A

bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The bacterial infection to cause bronchopneumonia causes what characteristic of the exudate?

A

supporative, neutrophil-rich that fills the bronchi, bronchioles, and adjacent alveolar spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This is fibrinosuppurative consolidation of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe.

A

Lobar PNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 stages of the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A
  1. congestion
  2. red hepatization
  3. gray hepatization
  4. resolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens during the congestion stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

edema with lots of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens during the red hepatization stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

lots of neutrophils, BLOOD, liver-like change in lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens during the gray hepatization stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

progressive disintigration of red cells and fibrinosuppurative exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens during the resolution stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

consolidation of exudate, results in fibrous thickening or permanent adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cells cause the regeneration of the lung tissue in the resolution stage of lubar PNA?

A

Type II pneumocytes

the stem cells of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For community-aacquired PNA, what typically causes a bacterial infection?

A

A previous viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common cause of community-acquired PNA?

A

Strep pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What shows on sputum culture for strep pneumo infections?

A

lancet-shaped diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

These are gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria with pili that causes community-acquired PNA.

A

H. influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

H. influenza secretes a factor that disorganizes ciliary beating and a protease that degrades which Ab?

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the life-threatening condition in kids that;s a manifestation of H. inflenzae?

A

meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or false: H. influenza is a common cause of otitis media.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false: H. influenza is a common cause of pink eye.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is present on the H. influenza bacterium that secretes haemocin and allows survival in the bloodstream by preventing opsonization and phagocytosis?

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which serotype of H. influenza is the most common cuase severe invasive disease?

A

type b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes bacterial PNA in which pts?

A

elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes which problem in kids?

A

Otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary PNA?

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a common complication of S. aureus infections?

A

lung abscesses and empyema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
People who do what are at risk for S. aureus infections?
drugs
26
I feel like
I havent told a story in a while, so here's my story about being vegan. in postbac i decided to try to be vegan for a month to see what it's like. so i dumped everything dairy and meaty and went cold-turkey vegan (no pun intended). so it was weird- went to wegmans, got all the fancy food, ate my salads and almond milk, drank my protein shakes, and went hard for 3 weeks. finally after the 3 weeks i was at coffee culture studying and had yellow diarrhea. I decided then to drop this diet and go regular again. it was glorious. didn't make the month. still donno what causes yellow diarrhea.
27
CF patients are at risk for PNA from which bug?
P. aeruginosa
28
This is the bug that can cause PNA in immunocompromised pts and organ transplant recipients and is from inhaling the organisms from artificial water environments.
Legionella pneumophilia
29
What are the 2 bugs to cause lobar PNA?
``` Strep pneumo (95%) Klebsiella pneumo ```
30
Who is at risk for klebsiella infections?
aspiration risk people (elderly, alcoholics)
31
What are the 5 bugs to cause bronchopneumonia?
``` S. aureus H. influenza P. aeruginosa Moraxella catarrhalis Legionella pneumophilia ```
32
Atypical PNA is located where in the lung?
interstitum
33
What are the Sx to interstitial PNA (atypical)?
URT Sx, no sputum, cough, low fever
34
What is in the air sacs in interstitial PNA?
nothing
35
What is in the interstitum in interstitial PNA?
WBC
36
What is the most common cuase of atypical PNA?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
37
Who is at risk for M. pneumoniae infections?
children and young adults (college kids)
38
How can Mycoplasma pneumo cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
IgM against I Ag on RBCs --> cold hemolytic anemia
39
What is the 2nd most common cause of atypical PNA in young adults?
Chlamydia poneymoniae
40
What is the most common cause of aypical PNA in infants?
RSV
41
What is the most common cause of atypical PNA in posttransplant pts?
CMV
42
What is the most common cause of atypical PNA in the elderly, immunocompromised, or those with pre-existing lung disease?
Influenza virus
43
This is the rikettsial-like organism that causes atypical PNA with a HIGH fever (Q fever).
Coxiella burnetii
44
Who is at risk for coxiella burnetii infections?
Farmers (it comes from cows)
45
What are the 3 bugs are the biggest causes of hospital-acquired PNA?
Gram negative rods (enterobacteriacae and Pseudomonas) S. aureus
46
What are the 3 bugs that are the biggest contributors to aspiration PNA?
Bacteriodes, fusiform and peptococcus
47
What is a common complication to aspiration PNA?
Abscesses
48
What happens in a pulmonary abscess?
there is local suppurative destruction with necrosis, forming a central cavitation
49
Where in the lung is the most common place for aspiration-induced lung abscesses?
R lower lobe
50
What are signs of a lung abscess?
cough, fever, foul/blood sputum, clubbing
51
Septic emboli from lung abscesses may cause what 2 conditions?
1. brain abscesses/meningitis | 2. secondary amyloidosis
52
Who typically gets chronic PNA?
immunocompromised (IC) patients
53
The inflammatory rxn in chronic PNA causes what formation?
Granulomas
54
What are the 3 fungi to cause granulomatous diseases of the lung?
Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Coccidiooidomycosis
55
What similiar characterisitic do all the granulomatous disease fungi share?
Thermally dimorphic
56
Where is histoplasma capsulatum found?
OH/MI river basins
57
What is the reservoir for histoplasma capsulatum?
soil with bird/bat poop that contians spores
58
Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular parasite of which WBC?
Macropahge
59
What is shown on CXR for self-limited and latent primary pulmonary involvement of H. capsulatum?
Coin lesions
60
Chronic, secondary lung disease from H. capsulatum causes what Sx?
cough, fever, night sweats
61
Who gets disseminated disease from H. capsulatum?
IC pts
62
Immunocompetent patients get epithelioid cell granulomas, which undergo what change in H. capsulatum infections?
Caseous necrosis --> consolidation --> fibrosis and calcification (tree-bark appearance)
63
True or False: epitheloid granulomas are formed in fulminant disseminated histoplasmosis in IC pts.
FALSE. instead, focal accumulation of mononucelar phagocytes filled with fungal yeasts appear throughout the body
64
Where is Blastocyces dermatitidis found?
central and southwestern US
65
What is the reservoir for B. dermatitidis?
soil
66
What are the Sx to pulmonary blastomycosis?
abrupt illness with infection-like Sx, upper lobe involvement, consolidation, multilobar infiltrates, perihilar infiltrates, multiple nodules
67
What type of things are formed in the lungs from B. dermatitidis?
Suppurative granulomas
68
How does B. dermatitidis divide?
Broad based budding (BBB) yeast, thick wall, multiple nuclei
69
Where is coccidioides immitis found?
Southwest US and Mexico
70
How do u get coccidioides immitis?
Inhale the spores
71
What are the Sx to coccidioides immitis infections?
most are asymptomatic, some involve lung lesions, fever, cough, and pleuritic chest pains, with erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme
72
What is the morphology of coccidioides immitis in macrophages or giant cells in the lugns?
thick-walled nonbudding filled with small endospores
73
HIV+ individuals with CD4+ counts >200 cells/mm3 are at risk for what 2 types of infections?
Bacterial and tubercular
74
HIV+ individuals with CD4+ counts <200 cells/mm3 are at risk for which type of infection?
Pneumocystis PNA
75
HIV+ individuals with CD4+ counts < 50 cells/mm3 are at risk for what 2 types of infections?
CMV and Mycobacterium avium

Respiratory 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions