Pulmonary Medications

Question 1

What are the two types of drug deliveries?

Answer 1

Oral or injected
- Systemic distribution

Inhaled
- Local distribution
- Fewer side effects

Question 2

What do Antitussives do?

Answer 2

Suppress cough
- NOT indicated for chronic, productive cough

Question 3

What do Mucolytics do? And what are their side effects?

Answer 3

Decreases viscosity
- Nausea and vomiting are side effects

Question 4

What do expectorants do? And what are their side effects?

Answer 4

Make more, but thinner mucus
- Nausea and vomiting are side effects

Question 5

Mechanisms of Bronchodilation

Answer 5

SNS activation -> Norepinephrine -> Beta-2 receptor activation

Question 6

Mechanisms of Bronchoconstriction

Answer 6

PNS Activation -> Acetyl Choline -> Muscarinic receptor activation & Inflammation

Question 7

What do beta-adrenergic do?

Answer 7

Beta-adrenergic agonists activate β-2
receptors to bronchodilate

Question 8

Beta-adrenergic agonists side effects

Answer 8

Side effects include nervousness, restlessness, tremor, some may cause cardiac irregularities

Question 9

Beta-adrenergic agonists ending

Answer 9

“-erol”

Question 10

Anticholinergics do what?

Answer 10

Anticholinergics block PNS-mediated bronchoconstriction

Question 11

Anticholinergics Side Effects?

Answer 11

Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, confusion are side effects

Question 12

Anticholinergics endings?

Answer 12

“-tropium”

Question 13

Methylxanthine/Theophylline do what?

Answer 13

Methylxanthine/Theophylline promote bronchodilation

Question 14

Methylxanthine/Theophylline side effects?

Answer 14

Toxicity an issue, leading to confusion, nausea, irritability, cardiac arrhythmia, seizure

Question 15

Methylxanthine/Theophylline endings?

Answer 15

“-phylline”

Question 16

Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) side effects?

Answer 16

Side effects include chest tightness, bruising, dizziness, white patches in mouth, rash, stomach pain, osteoporosis, skin breakdown, muscle wasting

Question 17

Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) forms?

Answer 17

Inhaled (long term) reduces symptoms
Oral (long term OR quick acting)

Question 18

Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) endings?

Answer 18

“-one”

Question 19

Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) do what?

Answer 19

Decrease inflammation

Question 20

Leukotriene enhances what?

Answer 20

The effects of glucocorticoid steroids (decreasing inflammation)

Question 21

Cromones prevent what?

Answer 21

The release of inflammatory mediators - prevents bronchospams if taken before onset

Question 22

Oxygen therapy does what?

Answer 22

Increases fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
Can decrease dyspnea and improve activity tolerance
- use lowest flow rate to maintain SpO2

Question 23

Oxygen therapy cautions

Answer 23

O2 toxicity: prolonged exposure to high oxygen levels can cause lung damage

In patients with CO2 retention, high FiO2 can decrease ventilatory drive, leading to hypoventilation

Question 24

Modes of delivery for flow oxygen

Answer 24

Low flow-
Nasal cannula: FiO2: 24–30%
Simple mask: FiO2: 40–60%

High flow-
Nasal cannula: FiO2: ~100%