Pulmonary Misc

Question 1

These are considered the principal muscles of inspiration

Answer 1

Diaphragm

External intercostals

Question 2

Contraction of the diaphragm causes this

Answer 2

Chest expansion (longitudinal)
Lower rib elevation

Question 3

Orientation of external intercostals

Answer 3

Oblique: upward and backward

from upper border of one rib to the lower border of rib above

Question 4

Orientation of internal intercostals

Answer 4

Obliquely upward and forward

From upper border of one rib to the lower border of the rib above

Question 5

Contraction of the external and internal intercostals together causes:

Answer 5

Rib elevation

Question 6

Upward movement of the (upper/lower) ribs increases the AP diameter of the chest

Answer 6

Upper

Question 7

Upward movement of the (upper/lower) ribs increases the transverse diameter of the chest

Answer 7

Lower

Question 8

During quiet breathing, exhalation results from

Answer 8

Passive recoil of the lungs and ribcage

Question 9

During forceful breathing, these are the involved muscles

Answer 9

Rectus abdominis
EO
IO
Transverse abdominis

(Depress the lower ribs and compress the abdominal contents, pushing up the diaphragm and assisting with active exhalation)

Question 10

Components of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 10

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 11

Components of the pharynx

Answer 11

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 12

Functions of upper respiratory tract

Answer 12

Humidify, cool, or warm inspired air
Filter foreign matter
Gas conduits

Question 13

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 13

Extends from the larynx to the alveoli

Consists of conducting airways and terminal respiratory units

Question 14

How many times do the airways divide between the trachea and the alveoli?

Answer 14

~23 times

Question 15

How many lobes does the R lung have?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What are the lobes of the R lung?

Answer 16

Upper
Middle
Lower

Question 17

How many lobes does the L lung have?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

What are the lobes of the L lung?

Answer 18

Upper

Lower

Question 19

Where is the lingula located?

Answer 19

left upper lobe

Question 20

main bronchi branch into

Answer 20

Lobar bronchi

Question 21

Lobar bronchi branch into

Answer 21

Segmental bronchi

Question 22

How do the lungs themselves get blood supply?

Answer 22

Via bronchial arteries, which drain into the bronchial veins

Question 23

Parasympathetic innervation of smooth muscle of the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels is by:

Answer 23

Vagus nerve

Question 24

How do the nerves to the lungs reach the pulmonary vessels and lung tissue?

Answer 24

Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses

Question 25

How do central chemoreceptors in the medulla and peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies respond to increases in partial pressures of CO2 and hydrogen ion?

Answer 25

Increasing ventilation

Question 26

ERV makes up approximately ___% of total lung volume

Answer 26

15%

Question 27

FRC is approximately __% of total lung volume

Answer 27

40%

Question 28

Inspiratory capacity makes up approximately __% of total lung volume

Answer 28

60%

Question 29

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) makes up approximately __% of total lung volume

Answer 29

50%

Question 30

Residual volume (RV) makes up approximately __% of total lung volume

Answer 30

25%

Question 31

Tidal volume makes up approximately ___% of total lung volume

Answer 31

10%

Question 32

Vital capacity (VC) makes up approximately ___ % of total lung volume

Answer 32

75%

Question 33

The majority of carbon dioxide transported in the blood as

Answer 33

Bicarbonate ions