Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology YR3 > Pulmonary Oedema > Flashcards

Pulmonary Oedema Flashcards

1
Q

4 underlying causes of PO

A
  1. Increased LA pressure
  2. Increased pre-load (usually iatrogenic)
  3. Decreased oncotic pressure (this drops when pts are very unwell eg ITU)
  4. Endothelial injury (leaky, cytokines increase when unwell)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can happen during extubation?

A

Loss of positive airway pressure = pulmonary oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What to do if someone is intubated in terms of albumin?

A

Start NG feeding when needed - do not want albumin to drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the bodies response to trauma which can sometimes lead to fluid overload if we give too much fluids?

A
  • Body releases ADH during stress
  • = increased reabsorption of water and vasoconstriction
  • Can lead to pulmonary oedema via increased pre-load (iatrogenic) cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of increased LA pressure which leads to PO

A
  1. LV diasolic failure
  2. Atrial fibrillation
  3. LV systolic failure
  4. Aortic stenosis (not sudden)
  5. Mitral regurgitation (sudden)
  6. Aortic regurgitation
  7. Mitral stenosis (not sudden)
  8. HTN
  9. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  10. Myxoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 causes of left ventricular systolic failure

A
  • Acute myocardial injury
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Myocarditis (seen with covid and adenoviruses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment for aortic stenosis

A

TAVI if not suitable for open heart surgery (catheter in femoral artery guided to put replacement valve over old one)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes (4) of sudden mitral regurgitation

A
  1. Infective endocarditis
  2. Lateral MI
  3. Anterior MI
  4. Snapped chordae tendinae - if have barlow valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in anterior MI to cause mitral regurgitation?

A
  • Papillary muscles die from MI, causes chordae tendinae to not be taught, valve becomes flail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens for lateral MI to cause mitral regurge?

A

Posterior leaflet of valve is tethered up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of acute aortic regurgitation

A
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Type A aortic dissection - causes pulling up of valve leaflet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cause of mitral stenosis

A

Rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pregnancy and mitral stenosis

A
  • If go into labour - patient will die
  • Placenta causes lots of fluid to re-enter blood stream?
  • Will not be able to cope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of secondary HTN in order of occurance

A
  1. Conns syndrome (high aldosterone)
  2. Cushings
  3. Pheochromocytoma

Also renal artery stenosis and co-arctation of aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  • Amyloid (plasticine heart)
  • Sarcoid (granulomatous)
  • Haemochromotosis (iron heart)
  • Loeffler endocarditis (helminths infection areas)
  • B cell lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Myxoma causing PO - how?

A
  • Myxomas are quite mobile
  • Look like cauliflower
  • Bounce in and out of mitral valve
  • Parts can whizz off and cause stroke/limb ischaemia
  • Mirrors mitral stenosis picture
17
Q

Treatment myxoma

A

Surgery - that day or next day

18
Q

Anaesthesia effects on Aortic stenosis

A
  • Profound vasodilation
  • = death for aortic stenosis
19
Q

In AF why do you get increased LA pressure?

A
  • Loss atrial systole
  • Decrease diastole due to increased HR
  • Irregular
20
Q

Treatment for LVSF and LVDF

A
  • O2 - high flow 60%
  • IV Morphine 5-10mg or IV diamorphine 2.5-5mg
  • IV furosemide 80mg
  • GTN spray and GTN infusion 50mg in 50mls at rate of 0.1mls/hr (but online some say 1?)
  • Antiemetic for morphine/diamorphine - metoclopramide 10mg or cyclizine 50mg
21
Q

WHat do all the drugs (apart from antiemetic) do for treatment of LVDF and LVSF?

A

VASODILATE

22
Q

Presentation of LVSF

A
  • Pale
  • High BP
  • High RR
  • Clammy
  • Sitting up
  • Visbily distressed

Adrenaline causes this - nO MORE inotropes needed

23
Q

What do do if pulmonary oedema from LVSF andLVDF has not imrpoved with medications?

A

Consider CPAP - increases alveolar pressure pushes fluid back into vasculature

24
Q

Worse - LVDF or LVSF?

A

LVDF is more likely to need CPAP - diastole is more important than systole

25
Q

Severe aortic stenosis causing PO instead of LVDF/LVSF differences in presentation

A
  • Severe aortic stenosis results in hypotension (or just on the edge of normal)
  • Meaning if we VASODILATE massively we will cause them to have no BP and die
  • Therefore we give furosemide and morphine but no nitrates usually

and treat cause - Dr Binns talked about bleeding the pt remember

26
Q
A

Cardiology YR3 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions