Pulmonary System

Question 1

HIGH-PRESSURE, LOW-FLOW CIRCULATION

Answer 1

arterial blood

Question 2

carry blood to the alveolar
capillaries

Answer 2

Pulmonary artery

Question 2

LOW-PRESSURE, HIGH-FLOW CIRCULATION

Answer 2

venous blood

Question 3

return the blood to the left
heart to be pumped through systemic
circulation

Answer 3

Pulmonary veins

Question 3

Divide into right and left main branches

Answer 3

PULMONARY ARTERY

Question 4

Amounts to 1-2% of total cardiac output

Answer 4

BRONCHIAL ARTERIES

Question 5

Present in all supportive tissue of the lungs

Answer 5

LYMPH VESSELS

Question 6

Normal diastolic pressure

Answer 6

0-1 mm Hg

Question 7

Normal systolic pressure

Answer 7

25 mm Hg

Question 8

Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure

Answer 8

25 mm Hg

Question 9

Diastolic pulmonary arterial
pressure

Answer 9

8 mm Hg

Question 10

Mean pulmonary arterial pressure

Answer 10

15 mm Hg

Question 11

Mean pulmonary capillary pressure

Answer 11

7 mm Hg

Question 12

Mean pressure in LA and major pulmonary veins

Answer 12

2 mm Hg

Question 13

Filling of pulmonary interstitial spaces and alveoli
with free fluid

Answer 13

PULMONARY EDEMA

Question 14

Any condition that decreases pulmonary ventilation increases the retention and concentration of CO2, hydrogen, and carbonic acid

Answer 14

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 15

Results in an increase in the amount of circulating hydrogren

Answer 15

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 16

An increased respiratory rate and depth decrease the amount of available CO2 and hydrogren create a conditon of increased pH

Answer 16

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 17

An accumulation of fixed (nonvolatile) acids or a deficit inbases

Answer 17

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 18

Results from metabolic disturbances that cause either an increase in available bases or a loss of nonrespiratory body acids

Answer 18

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 19

Composed of several groups of neurons
located bilaterally in the medulla oblongata
and pons of the brain stem

Answer 19

Respiratory Center

Question 20

Controls inspiration and respiratory rhythm

Answer 20

DORSAL RESPIRATORY GROUP (DRG)

Question 21

DRG Nucleus

Answer 21

tractus solitarius

Question 22

Limits duration of inspiration and increases
respiratory rate

Answer 22

PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER

Question 23

Primary effect of this center is to control the “switch off” point of the inspiratory ramp

Answer 23

PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER

Question 24

PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER Nucleus

Answer 24

nucleus parabrachialis

Question 25

Functions in both inspiration and expiration

Answer 25

VENTRAL RESPIRATORY GROUP (VRG)

Question 26

Nucleus of VRG

Answer 26

nucleus ambiguus rostrally and the nucleus retroambiguus caudally

Question 27

Stretch receptors in the muscular portion of the walls

Answer 27

HERINGG BREUR REFLEX

Question 28

Mainly a protective mechanism for preventing excess lung inflation

Answer 28

HERINGG BREUR REFLEX

Question 29

Specialized neurons that detect changes in the concentration of specific chemicals

Answer 29

Chemoreceptors

Question 30

Located bilaterally and ventrally in the chemosensitive area of the medulla oblongata and are connected to the respiratory centers

Answer 30

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS

Question 31

more important in regulating PCO2 and pH

Answer 31

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS

Question 32

The process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory

Answer 32

SPIROMETRY

Question 32

Found in the carotid and aortic bodies and pass to the DRG

Answer 32

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS

Question 32

Measures the amount of gas expelled when a subject takes a deep breath and then forcefully exhales maximally and as rapidly as possible

Answer 32

FORCED VITAL CAPACITY

Question 33

Amount of air expelled during specific time intervals of the FVC test

Answer 33

FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME (FEV)

Question 33

Device used to measure pulmonary volumes

Answer 33

Spirometer

Question 34

amount of air expired within the first second of the test

Answer 34

FEV1

Question 35

Percentage of the FVC that is expired in the first second divided by the total FVC

Answer 35

FEV1/FVC