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Valvular Pathology > Pulmonic/Tricuspid Pathology > Flashcards

Pulmonic/Tricuspid Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

TV flow varies with?

A

respiration and increasing during inspiration

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2
Q

pressures on the right are

A

lower than pressures on the left

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3
Q

color doppler eval of TV

A
  1. RV inflow view
  2. PSAX
  3. apical 4
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4
Q

what is TS

A

narrowing or obstruction of the LV that impedes flow from the Ra to the RV during diastole

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5
Q

How to measure TS mean pressure gradient

A

CW VTI trace

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6
Q

moderate TS measurement

A

2-6

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7
Q

mild TS mean pressure gradient

A

less than 2 mmHg

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8
Q

TS mean pressure gradient severe

A

greater than 6 mmHg

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9
Q

obtaining the pressure half time for TS

A

PHT deceleration slope CW waveform

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10
Q

normal TV

A

7-9cm squared

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11
Q

severe TS PHT

A

greater than 190 msec

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12
Q

is TR holosystolic

A

yes

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13
Q

most common cause of secondary or functional TR

A

annular dilation from RV or RV enlargement

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14
Q

most common cause of primary TR

A

myxomatous degeneration of TV

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15
Q

what is peak TR velocity used to calculate what?

A

the RV systolic pressure and the systolic pulmonary artery pressure

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16
Q

right atrial pressure is estimated by the…

A

IVC diameter and percentage of collapse as seen in the subcostal view

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17
Q

high SPAP will give patients…

A

SOB

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18
Q

equation to measure RVSP

A
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19
Q

what is RAP when the ivc collapse more than 50%

A

3 mmhg

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20
Q

what is the RAP when the ivc collapse 30-40%

A

8 mmhg

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21
Q

what is the RAP when the ivc collapse less than 50%

A

15 mmhg

22
Q

eisenmengers syndrome

A

the process which a long standing left to right shunt cause by a congenital heart disease by a VSD or ASD causes pulmonary hypertension

23
Q

normal SPAP

A

18-25 mmhg

24
Q

pulmonary hypertension is defined by

A
  1. elevated SPAP greater than 25 mmhg at rest, greater than 30 mmhg with exercise
  2. elevated pulmonary vascular resistance: the resistance the Rv must overcome to pump blood into the PA
25
Q

normal pulmonic flow peaking during

A

mid systole

26
Q

normal PV outflow

A

blue

27
Q

PI flow

A

red in diastole

28
Q

the PV is evaluated in what views

A

RVOT tilt view
PSAX
subcostal short axis

29
Q

PV cw vti will give you

A

mean pressure gradient

30
Q

how do you obtain the pulmonic valve area

A
  1. PV PW vti
  2. PV CW VTI
  3. RVOT diameter
31
Q

severe PS peak pressure gradient

A

greater than 64 mmhg

32
Q

how else can you asses pulmonic stenosis

A

running m mode though the right posterior PV leaflet

look for a dip in mid systole and a more prominent rising slope

33
Q

pulmonary hypertension m mode

A

look for mid systolic closure notch, creates the flying W pattern

34
Q

how is PI evaluated

A

with CW in the RVOT and PSAX view

35
Q

the end diastolic velocity of the PR jet can be used to calculate the…

A

pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure

36
Q

normal pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure

A

4-12 mmHg

37
Q

Tricuspid stenosis symptoms

A

ascites
abdominal swelling
edema

38
Q

TV area equation

A

TVA=190/PHT

39
Q

back up of blood flow due to TS

A

diastolic doming due to TS
RA enlargement due to volume overload and pressure overload
dilated IVC

40
Q

what is enlarged on echo due to TR

A
  1. RA
    2.RV
  2. IVC
  3. hepatic veins
41
Q

RV volume overload cause the septal to

A

become paradoxical septal motion

42
Q

in absence of pulmonary vascular disease an elevated RVSP/SPAP indicates

A

elevated LAP and can identify increased LV filling pressure

43
Q

most common cause of PS

A

congenital

44
Q

most common form of acquired PS

A

carcinoid heart disease

45
Q

m mode of the Right posterior pv cusp with PS

A

increased A wave depth

46
Q

the end diastolic pulmonic regurg gradient helps identify…

A

the pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac dysfunction

47
Q

TV area equation w/ pht

A

190/pht

48
Q

TS signs and symptoms

A

jaundice
LE swelling
ascites

49
Q

most common cause of TS

A

rheumatic heart disease

50
Q

TS mean pg severe

A

> 5

51
Q

carcinoid hard disease affects which side of the heart

A

the right side

Valvular Pathology (3 decks)

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