Pulmonology Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Where is Larynx located?
A
Upper airway
2
Q
Where is the laryngopharynx located?
A
Upper airway
3
Q
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
A
Left sided heart failure
4
Q
Blood tinged sputum
A
Left sided heart failure
5
Q
Expiratory wheeze
A
Asthma
6
Q
Increase in CO2 retention
A
Pulmonary emphysema
7
Q
Purse lip breathing
A
Pulmonary Emphysema
8
Q
Bronchi collapse
A
Pulmonary Emphysema
9
Q
Prolonged expiratory time
A
Pulmonary emphysema
10
Q
The lower airway consists of?
A
Alveoli, Lungs, pulmonary and bronchial vessels
11
Q
Digital clubbing
A
Pulmonary Emphysema
12
Q
Air movement in and out of lungs
A
Ventilation
13
Q
What structures are necessary for adequate ventilation?
A
Chest wall, Pleura, Diaphragm
14
Q
Pink puffer
A
Pulmonary Emphysema
15
Q
Blue bloater
A
Chronic bronchitis
16
Q
Recurrent cough and sputum production
A
Chronic bronchitis
17
Q
Visceral pleura is located on?
A
Lung surface
18
Q
Hypercapnia
A
Chronic bronchitis
19
Q
Acidosis
A
Chronic bronchitis
20
Q
Active process of breathing
A
Inhalation
21
Q
Distended jugular veins
A
Right sided heart failure
22
Q
Ascites
A
Right sided heart failure
23
Q
Dependent edema
A
Right sided heart failure
24
Q
Passive process of breathing
A
Exhalation
25
What regulates ventilation?
Medulla, stretch receptors, changes in PCO2, COPD patients
26
What are the parts of the upper airway?
Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx
27
What are the requirements for pulmonary perfusion?
Adequate blood volume, Intact pulmonary capillaries, Efficient pumping action of heart
28
Flail chest
2 more more adjacent ribs broken in 2 or more places
29
What are some reasons for disruption in diffusion?
Hypoxia and damaged alveoli
30
Tall white males
Spontaneous pneumothorax
31
What is commonly seen with patients with orthopnea?
Patients are unable to sleep supine
32
White/yellow mucus
Chronic Bronchitis
33
Unproductive cough
Emphysema
34
Pink frothy sputum
Pulmonary edema
35
Brown/rusty sputum
Pneumonia
36
Fever
Pneumonia
37
Hemoptysis
Pulmonary edema secondary to CHF
38
1-2 word dyspnea
Pulmonary emphysema
39
What are the 4 parts of a physical exam with airway emergencies?
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
40
Barrel chested
Emphysema
41
Tracheal deviation moves in what direction from collapsed lung?
Towards collapsed lung
42
Tracheal deviation in a tension pneumothorax moves in what direction?
Away
43
Dull percussion is heard in?
Hemothorax or pneumothorax
44
Hollow percussion sounds are heard with?
Simple pneumothorax
45
Ominous breath sound
Stridor
46
Heard on inhalation
Stridor
47
Partial upper airway obstruction
Stridor
48
MUSICAL respirations
Wheezing
49
Heard on exhalation
Wheezing
50
Coarse/rattling breath sound
Rhonchi
51
Breath sound indicative of fluid in airways
Rales/Crackles
52
Plural friction rub is seen with?
Inflammation of plura
53
Swelling and redness of extremities are indicative of?
Venous clot
54
Finger clubbing indicates?
Chronic hypoxia
55
Heart rate in respiratory emergency is?
Tachycardic
56
Systolic BP decrease on inhalation is known as?
Pulsus paradoxus
57
Increased inter-thoracic pressure can result in?
Pulsus paradoxus
58
PEFR
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
59
A graphic display of CO2 concentration
Capnography
60
ARDS
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
61
ARDS is mainly caused by?
Sepsis
62
What is the first drug given for pulmonary edema?
Nitroglycerine
63
CPAP is utilized for?
Pulmonary Edema
64
Treatment for pulmonary edema
CPAP and nitroglycerine
65
CPAP cannot be given if?
BP is less than 90.
CPAP creates an increase in intrathoracic patient which drops BP
66
Trigger causes a release of histamine, causing bronchoconstriction and bronchial edema
Asthma
67
Treatment goals for asthma
THREE "Ates"
Oxygenate
Hydrate
Dilate
68
PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: ASTHMA
```
Albuterol (2.5mg x3)
Atrovent (0.5mg X2) Mix
Terbutaline (0.25mg SQ)
CPAP
Solumedrol (60-250mg IVP)
```
* ****Mag Sulfate (2GMs IV over 10 minutes) IF BRONCHODILATORS ARENT WORKING
* *****EPI 1:1 (0.3mg IM) DEPENDING UPON AGE OF PATIENT
69
Magnesium sulfate
Given if not responding to bronchodilators
70
Greatly diminished breath sounds and not broken by bronchodilators
Status Asthmatics
71
Fix for status asthmatics?
TUBE!!!
72
Sharkfin capnography waveform indicates?
Bronchoconstriction
73
What is normal SpO2 readings for emphysema patients?
88-92%
74
Weakened and collapsed air sacs with excess mucus
Emphysema
75
Loss of alveoli elasticity
Emphysema
76
Ineffective cough
Emphysema
77
Thin
Emphysema
78
Increased red blood cells
Polycythemia
79
Polycythemia
Emphysema
80
Right heart failure caused by COPD
Cor Pulmonale
81
#1 cause of acute right heart failure
Pulmonary emboli
82
PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: COPD
Albuterol (2.5mg) and Atrovent (0.5mg) mix nebulized
Terbutaline (0.25mg SQ) CAN BE GIVEN FIRST IF TIDAL VOLUME DECREASED
CPAP
83
FAT
Chronic bronchitis
84
Blue Bloater
Chronic bronchitis
85
Productive cough
Bronchitis
86
Odorless/colorless
Carbon Monoxide
87
Binds to hemoglobin 200% faster than oxygen
Carbon monoxide
88
First sign of carbon monoxide poisoning
Headache
89
Late signs of carbon monoxide poisoning
Cherry-red appearance
90
How will SpO2 read with carbon monoxide poisoning?
False high readings - carbon monoxide has bonded to hemoglobin
91
Hyperbaric chamber treatment
Carbon Monoxide
92
High flow oxygen administration will decrease the saturation of the carbon monoxide by?
Half amount in 1 hour
93
Chest pain worsens on inspiration
Pulmonary Embolism
94
Low SpO2 and low CO2
Pulmonary Embolism
95
Saddled PE
Lodged at bifurcation of pulmonary artery
96
Result from recent surgery, long bone fractures, postpartum, AFIB, birth control
PE
97
Carpal/Pedal spasms
Hyperventilation
98
Rales/rhonchi
Pulmonary Edema
99
Pressure is higher in capillaries than alveoli
Pulmonary Edema
100
PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: PULMONARY EDEMA
BP above 90 systolic
Nitroglycerine (0.4mg IV X3)
CPAP
Lasix (0.5mg/kg if on lasix; 1mg/kg if not on lasix)
Morphine (2-10mg IVP) MAX OUT ON NITRO BEFORE GIVING
101
lasix is given for pulmonary edema due to?
vasodilation
102
Morphine is given for pulmonary edema due to?
Vasodilation
103
Pedal edema
Right sided heart failure
104
JVD
Right sided heart failure
105
Increase in peripheral venous pressure
Right sided heart failure
106
Pulmonary edema is high permeability when
Including ARDS
107
CPAP is not given if BP is less than?
90mmHg
108
Vasodilators
Decrease preload
109
PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: PULMONARY EDEMA
NTG 0.4mg SL repeated every 5 minutes up to 3 NTG doses total
CPAP
110
Viral pneumonia
Not treated with antibiotics
111
High risk for aspiration pneumonia
Altered mental status
112
Three components of becks triad
Narrowing pulse pressure (difference btw systolic and diastolic)
Muffled heart tones
JVD
113
Sudden onset of one-sided chest pain with difficulty breathing
Pulmonary embolism
114
Oxyhemoglobin
Amount of oxygen bound to hemaglobin
115
Deoxyhemoglobin
Decrease in oxygen levels bound to hemoglobin
| CYANOSIS
116
Carboxyhemoglobin
Amount of carbon monoxide bound to hemoglobin
