Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANRE Review > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Asthma medication associated with arrhythmias and seizures

A

Theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classification of asthma severity

A

Intermittent: FEV1 >80%
Mild persistent: FEV1 >80%, SABA more than 2 times per week, minor limitation
Moderate: FEV1 60-80%
Severe: FEV1 <60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

COPD in a 30-40 year old makes you think of this diagnosis/work-up

A

alpha1- antitrypsin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hyperinflation, flat diaphragm, trapped air, bullae/blebs on CXR

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enlarged right heart border, increase vascular marking on CXR

A

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stages of COPD management

A 
GOLD
I: FEV1 >80- SABA and/or anticholinergic
II: FEV1 50-79 Add LABA
III: FEV1 30-50 Add pulmonary rehab, ?steroids
IV: FEV1 <30 Add O2 therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common causes of bronchiectasis

A

Cystic Fibrosis (pseudomonas) most common cause

H.Flu most common cause if not CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cystic Fibrosis patient with bronchiectasis, What is the likely microorganism? Treatment?

A

Pseudomonas; Fluoroquinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CT reveals airway dilation, tram-track appearance, lack of tapering bronchi. What is the diagnosis?

A

Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for Mycobacterium Avian Complex

A

clarithromycin + ethambutol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis

A

GI: Meconium ileus at birth, pancreatic insufficency (foul smelling stool)
Resp: recurrent respiratory infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common extrapulmonary findings of sarcoidosis

A

Skin: erythema nodosum, lupus pernio
LN’s: intrathoracic hilar adenopathy
Optic: uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elevated ACE makes you think of what diagnosis?

A

Sarcoidosis (NCG secrete ACE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CXR/CT finding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Diffuse reticular opacities (HONEYCOMBING!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CXR reveals nodular opacities in upper lobes, eggshell calcifications of hilar LN’s. What is the exposure?

A

Mining and quarry work (Silicosis!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Byssinosis is caused from?

A

Long-term cotton exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What condition would be seen with CXR showing pleural plaques, thickening, interstitial fibrosis in lower lobes

A

Asbestosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common mediastinal tumor

A

Thymoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of malignant pulmonary nodule

A

irregular, spiculated, rapid growth, cavitary with thickened walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does lung cancer usually METs to?

A

brain, bone, liver, LN and adrenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two central lung cancers?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Characterstics of small cell lung cancer

A

aggressive, central, SVC syndrome, SIADH/hyponatremia, paraneoplastic (Cushings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pancoast syndrome

A

shoulder pain, Horners syndrome, atrophy of hand/arm

seen with squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lung cancer associated with cavitary lesions, hyperkalemia, pancoast tumor

A

squamous cell carcinoma (NSCLC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid tumor
pink to purple well vascularized central tumor
26
Where does mesothelioma originate from
Pleura (80%)
27
The term for palpable edema of the costal cartilage
Tietze syndrome
28
Most common cause of transudative pleural effusion
CHF
29
How do you determine cause of pleural effusion?
Lights Criteria: pleural protein: serum protein >0.5 pleural LDH: Serum LDH >0.6
30
CXR shows blunting of costophrenic angles | Diagnosis?
Pleural effusion
31
CXR reveals companion lines, decreased peripheral lung markings and lungs, trachea and heart to the left. What is the next step?
Needle aspiration: 2nd ICS, midclavicular line on the right followed by chest thoracostomy
32
Hamptons Hump or Westermark's sign on CXR are signs of?
PE (although most commonly CXR normal)
33
Patient with PE who is hemodynamically stable and has history of ICH, malignant HTN. What is treatment in this patient?
IVC Filter
34
Patient with PE who is hemodynamically unstable and has history of CVA 1 month ago. What is treatment in this patient?
Thrombectomy/embolectomy
35
2 contraindications for LMWH
``` Renal failure (Cr >2) Thrombocytopenia ```
36
Two most common causes of CAP?
S. Pneumo (MC) and H.Flu (CF, COPD)
37
Most common cause of CAP in young, school-aged, college students?
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
38
What is a possible cause of pneumonia in an elderly patient in a home with N/V/D with hypnatremia and elevated LFTs?
Legionella
39
Most common cause of viral pneuomnia in adults? children?
Adults: Influenza Children: RSV, Parainfluenza
40
Severe pneumonia seen with alcoholics, cavitary lesions on CXR
Klebsiella
41
Pneumonia/Cough associated with bird/rat droppings
Histoplasmosis
42
Currant jelly on sputum
Klebsiella
43
CXR showing upper lobe (RUL) bulging fissure, cavitations
Klebsiella
44
Physical exam findings of pleural effusion
Percussion: Dull Fremitus: Decreased Breath sounds: Decreased
45
Empiric treatment for CAP pneumonia
Outpt: Macrolide or Doxycycline Inpt: Beta-Lactam + Macrolide OR FQ ICU: Beta-Lactam + Macrolide OR Beta-Lactam + FQ
46
Empiric treatment for HAP
Anti-pseudomonal Beta-Lactam + AG or FQ
47
Empiric treatment for suspected PCP
Bactrim + steroids
48
Empiric treatment for aspiration pneumonia
Clindamycin or Augmentin +/- Metronidazole
49
Reaction size of PPD in health care worker to warrant positive for infection
10 mm or greater
50
CXR finding with primary TB
Middle/lower lobe consolidation
51
CXR finding with reactivation TB
Apical fibrocavitary lesion
52
Treatment for primary active TB
``` Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol (or streptomycin) for 2 months then d/c PZA and ETH (if sensitive to RIF and INH) ```
53
Main side effects of Isoniazid
Peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis
54
Patient being treated for TB has scotoma, color perception problems which medication is responsible?
Ethambutol
55
Most common cause (organism) for a premature 1 year old with fever, wheezing, tachypnea and nasal flaring?
RSV bronchiolitis
56
Most common cause of acute bronchitis
Adenovirus
57
1 year old with barking cough, stridor, dyspnea at night. What is the cause and what do you see on CXR?
Parainfluenza (Croup) | Steeple sign on CXR
58
3 year od with dysphagia, drooling and distress, thumbprint sign on CXR. What is treatment of choice
2nd/3rd generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime) and dexamethasone for treatment of epiglottitis (H. Flu)
59
Severe cough fits and post tussive emesis. What is the recommended treatment
Supportive care and macrolides/bactrim (B. Pertussis)
60
CXR of 5 day old with bilateral diffuse reticular ground glass opacities and air bronchograms is suggestive of what disease?
IRDS
61
Critically-ill patient PaO2/FI02 <200 not improving to 100% O2, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates that spares costophrenic angles on CXR and PCWP <18 has what condition?
ARDS
62
PaO2 on ventilation and PEEP must maintain above 55 (less than 60) to prevent oxygen toxicity. What will happen if it is greater than 60 for extended duration?
Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis
63
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis (Gap)
``` Methanol Uremia DKA Propylene glycol INH or infection Lactic acidosis Etheylene glycol Rhabdo/renal failure Salicylates ```
64
Most common cause of Primary pulmonary HTN? Secondary?
Primary: Idiopathic Secondary: COPD
65
EKG reveals RVH, RAE, RAD, RBB, CBC reveals polycythemia and inc HCT. Likely diagnosis?
Pulmonary HTN

PANRE Review (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions