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Internal Med PAEA > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

permanent and irreversible dilation of the airways

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2
Q

What is the mc cause of bronchiectasis in US?

A

cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

What organism is the mc cause in cystic fibrosis for bronchiectasis?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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4
Q

What organism is the mc cause in bronchiectasis?

A

H. influenza

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5
Q

Symptoms in bronchiectasis?

A

persistent productive cough w/ thick sputum

hemoptysis

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6
Q

IOC in bronchiectasis?

A

high resolution CT

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7
Q

Uniques characteritics seen in bronchiectasis?

A

tram-track

signet ring sign

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8
Q

Gold standard dx of bronchiectasis?

A

pulmonary function test

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9
Q

Txt bronchiectasis?

A

chest physiotherapy, antibiotics (macrolides)

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10
Q

Mc site of carcinoid tumor

A

GI tract

lung

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11
Q

5 unique characteristics of carcinoid syndrome?

A 
Diarrhea
Flushing
Tachycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Hemodynamic instability
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12
Q

Txt for carcinoid syndrome?

A

surgical excision

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13
Q

How is a carcinoid tumor usually found?

A

endoscopy incidental finding

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14
Q

3 Risk factor for Sarcoidosis?

A

Female, African American, Northern European

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15
Q

What two organ systems are mc in sarcoidosis?

A

pulmonary, skin

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16
Q

What is a most specific finding in sarcoidosis?

A

lupus pernio

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17
Q

What is a classic finding in sarcoidosis?

A

erythema nodosum

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18
Q

What is the best initial test in sarcoidosis?

A

chest xray

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19
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is classic for what?

A

Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

What is found on tissue biopsy for sarcoidosis?

A

noncaseating granulomas

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21
Q

Txt for asymptomatic sarcoidosis?

A

observation (remission within 2yrs w/o txt)

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22
Q

1st txt for symptomatic sarcoidosis?

A

oral corticosteriods

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23
Q

What two things are associated with poorer prognosis of sarcoidosis?

A

interstitial lung disease & lupus pernio

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24
Q

Reticular opacities (honeycombing) is indicative of?

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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25
Q

What lung pattern is seen in idiopathic fibrosis?

A

restrictive

26
Q

Txt for idiopathic fibrosis?

A

none, Lung transplant only cure!

27
Q

What does silicosis increase the risk for?

A

TB and non TB mycobacterium infections

28
Q

Risk for silicosis?

A

quarry work w/ granite, slate, quartz, sandblasting

29
Q

Eggshell calcifications of hilar and mediastinal nodes?

A

Silicosis

30
Q

Txt for silicosis?

A

removal of exposure

31
Q

What is Caplan syndrome?

A

Coal worker pneumoconiosis + Rheumatoid Arthritis

32
Q

Pattern of Coal worker’s lung?

A

obstructive

33
Q

Txt for coal worker’s lung?

A

supportive

34
Q

Risk factor for berylliosis?

A

aerospace, electronic, jewelry making, fluorescent light bulbs

35
Q

txt for berylliosis?

A

corticosteroids, oxygen

36
Q

Lung disease due to cotton exposure?

A

Byssinosis

37
Q

disease that gets worse of Monday, but improves later in the week or on the weekend?

A

Byssinosis

38
Q

How long does it take for asbestosis to show?

A

30yrs after initial exposure

39
Q

Risk factors for asbestosis?

A

repair of old buildings, insulation, fire-resistant material, ship building

40
Q

Pleural plaques and shaggy heart sign indicative of?

A

asbestosis

41
Q

MC complication of asbestosis?

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

42
Q

Most specific complication of asbestosis?

A

malignant mesothelioma of the pleura

43
Q

Txt for asbestosis?

A

none

44
Q

MC cause of solitary pulmonary nodule?

A

infectious granulomas

45
Q

The initial test for solitary pulmonary nodule?

A

Chest xray

46
Q

The IOC for a solitary pulmonary nodule?

A

Chest CT

47
Q

Txt for low, immediate, high risk pulmonary nodules?

A

low: active surveillance w/ monitoring
imd: bronchoscopy-central, TTE- peripheral
high: resection

48
Q

What is a solitary pulmonary nodule?

A

single, small (<30mm) well circumscribed lesion surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma.

49
Q

What are the 3 types of non-small cell cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell, Large cell

50
Q

The initial TOC for small cell lung cancer?

A

chemotherapy

51
Q

Lung cancer screening?

A

55y-80y who have no symptoms of lungs cancer + 30yr ppy hX who currently smoked or have quit < 15yrs

52
Q

When should lung cancer screening stop?

A

after > 15yr of not smoking

developed a terminal illness

53
Q

What screening tool is used for lung cancer screening?

A

low-dose CT

54
Q

What is the most common primary lung cancer in smokers, women, men & non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

55
Q

Lung cancer that presents in the peripheral?

A

Adenocarcinoma

56
Q

Lung cancer that presents in the central?

A

squamous cell

57
Q

Txt for Adenocarcinoma?

A

resecetion

58
Q

Smoking is strongly associated with what 2 lung cancers?

A

Squamous and small cell

59
Q

Which lung carcinoma is associated w/ cavitary lesions, hypercalcemia, and pancoast syndrome?

A

squamous cell

60
Q

MC solid tumor that presents with Paraneoplastic syndromes?

A

Small cell lung cancer

61
Q

What electrolyte dysfunction is seen in SCLC?

A

hyponatremia

62
Q

Dx carcinoid tumor?

A

24hr 5-HIAA in urine

Internal Med PAEA (9 decks)

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