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Cardio boi > Pumpy boi anatomy > Flashcards

Pumpy boi anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Heart Mass

A

2/3 Left of the Midline

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2
Q

Base of Heart

A

Atria aka Upper Chamber

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3
Q

Apex

A

Pointed end of tip of L Ventricle; attaches to Diaphragm

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4
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscle/outer layer

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5
Q

2 parts of Pericardium

A

Fibrous and Serous

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6
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

tough connective tissue

-anchors in place and prevents overstretching

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7
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

Cavity is filled with fluid and lubricated to prevent friction

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8
Q

3 heart layers

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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9
Q

4 chambers

A

2 atria

2 ventricles

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10
Q

Chambers are separated by

A

interatrial and interventricular septum

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11
Q

Why are atria thin?

A

they empty into vesicles

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12
Q

Why are ventricles thicker?

A

Have to move blood out of heart

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13
Q

Why is R ventricle thinner?

A

pumps blood to lungs

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14
Q

Left Ventricle Function

A

Pump Blood to entire body

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15
Q

4 valves

A

2 atrioventricular

2 semilunar valves

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16
Q

2 atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid/mitral

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17
Q

2 semilunar valves

A

aortic valve/ pulmonic valve

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18
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

only in ventricles; connects valves to papillary muscles

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19
Q

Chordae Tendineae function

A

prevent valve cusp from pushing up into atria

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20
Q

Pulmonary and Aortic Valve open….

A

Matril and Tricuspid Valve closed

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21
Q

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava function

A

drain deoxygenated blood from upper and lower body into R atrium

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22
Q

Coronary Sinus function

A

drains deoxygenated blood from coronary veins into R atrium

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23
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

blood pumped from Right Ventricle into Pulmonary Trunk

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24
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

receive from Pulmonary Trunk and carry deoxygenated blood into lungs to receive Oxygen

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25
Pulmonary Veins
carries Oxygenated blood from Lungs to Left Atrium to Aorta
26
Aorta function
carry Oxygenated blood to body from Left Ventricle
27
Blood Flow Path
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava or Coronary Sinus drains to R Atrium, Tricuspid Valve Empties into R Ventricle to Pulmonic Valve Pumped to lungs via Pulmonary Trunk + L&R Pulmonary Arteries to receive Oxygen After O2, pumped to heart by Pulmonary Vein into L Atrium, Mitral Valve Empties into L Ventricle , Aortic valve Pumped through body via Aorta
28
2 Principal Coronary Vessels
Right and Left Coronary Arteries | oxygen rich
29
AV bundle branch AKA
Bundle of His
30
Where does cardiac excitation begin?
SA node
31
Conduction Route
``` SA Node AV Node Bundle of His R/L bundle branches Purkinje Fibers (time to squeeze) ```
32
P wave
atrial depolarization
33
QRS
Ventricular Depolarization
34
T Wave
Ventricular Repolarization
35
Cardiac Cycle lasts
.8 seconds
36
5 types of Vessels
``` Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins ```
37
Arteries (3 things)
Thicker Triple Layered Carries O2
38
Arterioles
Thin Layered | Arteries branching down in size
39
Capillaries
Microscopic | exchange vessels of O2 and Nutrients
40
Venules
Very thin where capillaries reunite
41
Veins
Return Deoxygenated blood
42
Blood Pressure
Exerted on walls of vessels as ventricles contract
43
Where is BP highest?
Aorta
44
Vascular Resistance depends on 3 things
Lumen Size Vessel Length Viscosity
45
What part of brain regulates blood flow?
Medulla
46
Proprioceptor
monitors movement of joints and muscles
47
Baroreceptor
pressure receptor in aorta and carotid
48
Chemoreceptor
Stimulates sympathetic and parasympathetic
49
Systemic Circulation
carries O2; veins take CO2 away to R atrium
50
Pulmonary Circulation
Pumped by R ventricle to lungs to pick up O2
51
4 Aortic divisions
Ascending Thoracic Descending Abdominal Descending Arch of Aorta
52
Brachiocephalic Trunk Branches into:
External Carotid | Internal Carotid
53
External Carotid Supplies
Skull
54
Internal Carotid Supplies
eyes ears brain
55
Thoracic Aorta Supplies 4 arteries
Bronchial Esophageal Posterior Intercostal Superior Phrenic
56
Abdominal Aorta 4 Arteries
Inferior Phrenic Common Hepatic Left Gastric Splenic
57
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Upper GI
58
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Lower GI
59
Relaxation Phase
T wave/ 75% in ventricles/repolarize aka reset
60
Atrial Systole
contraction / P Wave ejects / 25%
61
Ventricular Systole
Contraction/ QRS/ 70ml blood ejected
62
CO formula
Stroke Volume x HR stroke volume is 70
62
Skeletal Muscle Pump
Squeeze veins to push contents upward
63
Why does blood only flow one direction?
Venous Valves
64
Respiratory Pump
Inhalation decreases, thoracic pressure increases
65
Left Common Carotid Artery; external and internal
External: Left Side of head and neck internal: Left upper limb
66
Left Subclavian Artery
Left Upper Limb
67
Subclavian Arteries branch into (4) arteries
Axillary (shoulder) Brachial (upper arm) Radial (lateral forearms) Ulnar (medial forearm)
68
Thoracic Aorta (4) arteries
Bronchial (bronchi of lungs) Esophageal Posterior Intercostal Arteries (intercostal Chest) Superior Phrenic Arteries (diaphragm)
69
Abdominal Aorta (4) Arteries
``` Inferior phrenic (inferior surface of diaphragm) Common Hepatic (liver stomach duodenum pancreas) Left Gastric (stomach and esophagus) Splenic (spleen pancreas stomach) ```
70
Superior Mesenteric artery (5)
``` Small intestine cecum ascending transverse colon pancreas ```
71
Suprarenal
Adrenal gland
72
Renal artery
kidneys
73
Gonadal arteries branch into
testicular or ovarian arteries
73
Gonadal arteries branch into
testicular or ovarian arteries
74
External iliac arteries
supplies lower limbs
75
Internal Iliac Artery
Pelvis
76
Femoral Artery
``` lower abdomen groin external genitals thigh ```
77
Popliteal artery
muscles and skin on posterior lower limbs
78
Posterior Tibial Artery
distributes to muscles bones and joints of leg and foot
79
medial and lateral plantar arteries
feet and toes
80
Cardiac HPI
``` Chest pain Fatigue Cough SOB LOC Leg pain Headaches Swelling Fam Hx ```
81
Cardiac Personal and Social Hx
``` Age Pregnancy Elderly Tobacco Nutrition EOTH Exercise Drugs ```
82
Apical Impulse
5th Left Intercoastal space at midclavicular line
83
Cardiac Inspection
``` Chest wall Carotid Jugular Veins Pulsations Lifts Heaves Thrusts ```
84
Cardiac Palpation locations
base/left and right sternal border/apex/epigastrium and left axillae palpate for apical impulse
85
Cardiac Palpate for
thrill or rushing vibration | carotid pulses
86
Brady
Less than 60 | 50 for in shape individuals
87
Tachy
greater than 100
88
Bruit
turbulent blood flow within the blood vessels (arteries)
89
Murmur
turbulent blood flow within the heart
90
Listening posts (5)
Aortic Pulmonic 1st and 2nd Tricuspid Mitral
91
Tricuspid location
4th Intercostal space left sternal border
92
Mitral location
5th intercostal space at midclavicular
93
Aortic location
2nd intercostal right sternal border
94
Pulmonic locations
1. 2nd intercostal space left sternal border | 2. 3rd intercostal space left sternal border
95
Basic heart sounds: S1 is S2 is
lub closure of mitral/tricuspid | dub closure of aortic/pulmonic valve
96
S3 is
early diastole; vibration of ventricular walls | normal in children and young adults or 40+
97
S4 is
ventricular filling; late diastole potential causes: HTN, CAD, Aortic Stenosis, cardiomyopathy
98
Stenosis
narrowing of vessel
99
Aortic Regurgitation
aorta does not close tightly
100
S1 valves
AV(mitral/tricuspid) are closed | SL(aortic/pulmonic) are open
101
S2 valves
AV open | SL closed
102
SL valves
Aortic and Pulmonic
103
AV valves
mitral and tricuspid
104
Woosh if supposed to be open
stenosis
105
Woosh if supposed to be closed
regurgitation
106
"Kentucky" sound
S3; sloshing in; after dub
107
"Tennessee" sound
S4; stiff wall; before lub
108
Mid Systolic Click | "Lub snap dub"
mitral valve prolapse
109
Friction Rub is
Pericardial sac inflammation
110
Mitral Valve Prolapse
With mitral valve prolapse you have the valves protruding back into the left atrium during ventricular systole.
111
2 Vessel categories
Veins and Arteries
112
Pulse pressure
systolic minus diastolic | should be 30-40/50
113
Identify Systolic
First Korotkoff sound
114
Identify Diastolic
Last Korotkoff sound
115
Amplitude of pulse ratings
``` 0 absent 1 diminished 2 expected 3 full 4 bounding ```
116
Pitting Edema rating
1 slight pit 2-3mm 2 somewhat deep 4-5mm 3 deep pit 6-7mm 4 very deep 8-9mm
117
Normal JVP
less than 9cm of water
118
Positive Homan's sign
DVT
119
Juglar Distention greater than 9cm is a sign of:
Ventricular Failure
120
Peripheral Arterial Disease: | Def Pain Pulse Leg Circumference Temp Color Skin
``` Blood leaving is blocked from distal tissue Pain: Intermittent claudication Pulse: Weak absent unequal Leg Circumference: Atrophy Temp: Cool Color: Pallor, Blue Grey, Mottling Skin: Dry, thin, patchy hair loss ```
121
Peripheral Vascular Disease | Def Pain Pulse Leg Circumference Temp Color Skin
``` Blood is blocked from returning Pain: dull, achy, constant Pulse: Unaffected, +2 Leg Circumference: Pitting edema Temp: Warm Color: Erythema, Stasis Dermatitis Skin: Weeping Skin, Varicose Veins ```
122
Ultrasound physics
mechanical wave propagated through a medium at high frequency to produce images
123
Piezoelectric effect
distortion of a crystal causes an electrical change
124
What is the main probe
Linear; used for tissue and small parts
125
Black US image vs White US image
black is fluid | white is tissue and bright white is bones
126
Severe Bradycardia
45bpm
127
Secondary HTN has a ...
identifiable cause ``` ex: Pregnancy Renal Disease Renal Stenosis Hyperthyroidism drug induced ```
128
HTNs Labs and Imaging (7)
``` Fasting Glucose UA CBC Chem TSH (thyroid) Lipid EKG ```
129
HTN pharmacological goal
<140/90 | <130/80 in DM or Kidney Disease
130
Initial HTN drug* after lifestyle changes
Lisinopril 5-10mg | Diuretic: HCTZ 12.5mg
131
HTN ACE drug
Lisinopril 5-10mg
132
HTN drug ARB
Losartan 50mg
133
HTN drug Calcium Channel Blocker (2)
Amlodipine 2.5mg | Diltiazem 180mg
134
HTN Alpha Blocker
Terazosin 1mg
135
Most Common HTN
essential/primary
136
Hypertensive Urgency criteria
SBP >220 DPB >125 asymptomatic/ no end organ damage
137
Hypertensive Emergency criteria
severe HTN with SIGNS OF END ORGAN DAMAGE
138
First Line HTN class drugs
ACE ARB CCB Diuretic
139
Hypertensive Urgency Tx Med
Clonidine 0.1-0.2mg Metoprolol 50mg Labetalol 100mg
140
*******************Hypertensive Emergency Drug***********
reduce BP by 25% with: | Labetalol 20mg IV
141
Atherosclerotic Disease pathophysiology
plaques invade tunica intima and cause thickening and scarring. continuous formal of new endothelial tissue causes narrowing of the vessel.
142
Atherosclerotic disease risk factors 5 | DMF-HH
``` DM HTN Male gender Fam Hx High cholesterol ```
143
CAD
Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease | NUMBER ONE KILLER IN US
144
CAD risk factors 4
fam hx DM Male high cholesterol
145
Common sites for Atherosclerotic disease 5 | "CCC-LA"
``` coronary arteries lower extremities cerebral arteries carotid aorta ```
146
Atherosclerotic Disease Sx
``` Chest Pain Left Shoulder pain indigestion NV Pale and diaphoretic murmur (S3/S4) Sudden Cardiac Death Rales ```
147
Atherosclerotic Disease Labs and Studies | "LEFT"
Lipid EKG Fasting Glucose Troponin
148
Atherosclerotic Disease Non Pharmacological
diet & exercise Tobacco/alcohol cessation Manage HTN/DM Lower Cholesterol
149
Atherosclerotic Disease Medications
-statins lipid lowering medications & Aspirin
150
PAD
Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease
151
PAD develops where
legs and less commonly in arms; diminished pulses | high correlation with smokers
152
PAD symptoms
``` claudication diminished distal pulses ulceration hair loss cool skin atrophy ```
153
PAD labs/imaging | DLC-C
Doppler CT Lipid Chem
154
Acute Arterial Occlusion of a Limb 6 P's
``` Pallor Pulselessness Paresthesia Paralysis Poikilothermia Pain ```
155
Acute Arterial Occlusion Labs/Imaging
CTA Doppler Chem
156
Acute Arterial Occlusion Med
Lovenox 1mg/kg Q12 | "-aparin"
157
Dyslipidemia
Elevated LDL | Low HDL
158
LDL
low density cholesterol "bad"
159
HDL
high density cholesterol "good"
160
TIA findings
Neuro deficits less than 24h carotid bruit resolves and not on CT
161
TIA med treatment
Aspirin | Statin
162
Dyslipidemia Tx and Lab
Statin/LFT
163
PR Interval
Time between P wave and start of QRS 0.12-0.2 seconds
164
Normal QRS Time
.12 seconds
165
Normal QT wave duration
.36-.44 seconds
166
ST Segments
between end of QRS and start of T wave
167
ST Elevation
stays above PR line | Myocardial Infarction
168
ST depression
stays below PR level | Myocardial Ischemia
169
Inverted T wave
humped inward/ sign of ischemia
170
Left Bundle Branch Block identified by
wide QRS complex and broad S wave | **SIGN OF AN MI**
171
Arrhythmias identified by (2)
Rate and QRS duration
172
4 basic arrhythmia treatments | AIOM
ABC IV O2 Monitor
173
Arrhythmia Complications
AMI syncope Cardiac Arrest or death
174
Severe Bradycardia
45 or less
175
Unstable Sinus Bradyarrhythmia sx
``` AMS Ischemic chest px hypotension shock acute heart failure ```
176
Unstable Sinus brady Tx
Atropine .5mg IV Q3-5min
177
Sinus Brady alternative meds
Dopamine or Epi
178
Sinus Tachycardia EKG findings
Normal P-QRS | HR 100+
179
PSVT
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
180
Most Common PSVT
Atrioventricular (AVRNT)
181
PSVT EKG findings
150-240 BPM Regular R-R with narrow QRS often no P wave
182
Vagal Maneuvers
Valsalva Breath Hold Ice dunk Carotid sinus massage 10-20 seconds
183
PSVT meds (after unsuccessful vagal maneuver)
Adenosine 6mg
184
Second Line Meds for PSVT
Beta Blockers | Calcium Channel Blockers
185
Cardioversion for PSVT
50-150j
186
Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome
bypass tract between the atrium and the ventricle bypassing the AV node
187
WPW EKG findings
Short PR < .12 | wide/slurred QRS
188
WPW cardioversion
50-150j
189
WPW tx
Vagal maneuver | Adenosine
190
A-Fib
Most common, chronic arrhythmia | do not contract in an organized manner
191
A-Fib EKG finding
irregular R-R | wavy baseline
192
A-Fib atrial rate/ventricular rate
A: 400+ V: 170-180
193
A-Fib sx
``` palpations dyspnea lightheaded fatigue/weakness chest pain ```
194
Atrial Arrhythmias
``` Sinus Bradycardia Sinus Tachycardia PSVT WPW A-Fib Atrial Flutter ```
195
A-Fib cardioversion
100-200j
196
A-fib meds
Betablockers Calcium Channel blockers (Diltiazem) Anticoagulants (Lovenox)
197
Atrial Flutter EKG findings
sawtooth F-waves aka flutter between QRS waves | 2:1 3:1 or 4:1 (F wave to 1 QRS complex)
198
Atrial Flutter Meds
Beta Blocker | Diltiazem
199
Atrial Flutter Cardio Version
100-200j
200
Ventricular Tachycardia EKG Findings
Wide QRS complex absence of P waves Tachy 160-240 Moderatley regular R-R
201
3 types of V-tach
non-sustained sustained pulseless
202
Non-Sustained V-tach
3 or more consecutive ventricular premature beats lasting less than 30 seconds
203
V-Tach tx if pulseless
Compressions/ALS
204
V-tach medications "LMA"
Lidocaine Amiodarone Magnesium
205
Amiodarone dose
150mg IV over 10 min
206
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
207
PVC EKG Findings
Wide QRS complex without a preceding P-wave
208
PVC symptoms 2
palpitations | dizziness
209
V-Fib EKG Findings
fine zig-zag no PQRS
210
V-fib sx
Pulseless hypotension unconscious
211
V-Fib tx
ALS
212
Torsades de Pointes
polymorphic ventricular tachy
213
Torsades de Pointes triggers (K Ma Ca +1)
hypomagnesemia hypocalcemia hypokalemia anorexia
214
Torsades EKG Findings
Wide QRS | frequent variations of shape
215
Torsades Sx
Palpitations Lightheadedness hypotension syncope
216
Pulseless Torsades Tx
ALS
217
Torsades Med Tx
Magnesium
218
AV blocks hallmarks
dropped beats
219
1st Degree AV EKG findings
Prolonged PR
220
1st Degree AV block
asymptomatic / benign
221
2nd Degree AV block Type 1 aka
Wenckebach
222
2nd Degree AV Type I Sx
bradycardia | lightheaded/dizzy
223
2d Degree Type I EKG Findings
Prolonged PR, Dropped beat | "longer, longer, longer, drop"
224
2d Degree Type 1 Tx
O2 above 94 and Atropine .5mg
225
2d Degree AV Type II EKG Findings
Normal PR, missed beats
226
2d Degree AV Type II pathophysiology
likely to progress to 3rd degree; AV block in Bundle of His
227
2d Degree AV Type II symptoms
Fatigue Dyspnea Chest px Syncope
228
2d Degree AV Type II Tx
O2 above 94 and atropine .5mg
229
3rd Degree AV block aka
Complete heart block
230
3rd Degree AV Block EKG findings
complete disassociation of P and QRS NO RELATIONSHIP BEWTEEN P AND R WAVE
231
3rd AV block Tx
O2 above 94 and atropine .5mg
232
Cardiopulmonary arrest 4 rythms
Asystole PEA Pulseless V-Tach V-Fib
233
Chest Pain big 6
``` Acute MI Pulmonary Embolism Pericardial Tamponade Esophageal Rupture Pneumothorax Aortic Dissection ```
234
Angina
chest px due to myocardial oxygen demand exceeding delivery
235
Stable Angina
with exertion
236
Unstable Angina
exertion and while at rest
237
Prinzmetals Angina
rare; caused by coronary vasospasm
238
3 factors increasing myocardial oxygen content
increase coronary blood flow increase hemoglobin above 10 decrease HR*
239
STEMI
ST segment elevation
240
Non-STEMI presentation
positive cardiac enzymes no EKG changes
241
STEMI aka
acute MI
242
STEMI cause
thrombotic coronary occlusion
243
STEMI sx
``` SUBSTERNAL CHEST PX* radiate to left shoulder or arm, neck and jaw diaphoresis NV anxiety ```
244
Elevated MI labs
Troponin and CK
245
STEMI tx
``` ONAM 02 Nitro Aspirin Morphine ```
246
Most Important Congenital heart issue
congenital bicuspid AORTIC valve; born with only two leaflets
247
Mitral Regurgitation
back flow of blood into L ventricle
248
Mitral Regurgitation 2 common causes
MI and Rheumatic Heart Disease
249
Mitral Valve Prolapse aka
Floppy mitral valve
250
Mitral Stenosis
narrowing of mitral passage
251
Mitral Stenosis common cause
Rheumatic heart Disease
252
crescendo-decrescendo aka
Aortic Stenosis
253
3 Aortic Stenosis findings
Parasternal heave thrill systolic crescendo-decrescendo
254
Aortic Stenosis symptoms
``` angina exertional syncope CHF Arrhythmia SUDDEN DEATH ```
255
Aortic Regurgitation Physical findings
Wide Pulse pressure Pulmonary Edema Soft Aortic Diastolic Murmur
256
Gold standard for diagnosis of valvular heart disease and endocarditits
Echocardiogram (ECG)
257
Definitive Treatment for Valvular Heart Disease
Surgical Repair
258
Valvular Heart Disease disposition | Asymptomatic & Symptomatic
Asymptomatic: MEDADVICE Symptomatic: MEDEVAC
259
CHF definition
heart inability to pump enough blood throughout body
260
CHF age
65
261
CHF Left Side Failure
Left Ventricle
262
CHF Right Side Failure
Right ventricle
263
Lift Sided CHF Symptoms
``` pressure backing up into lungs Dyspnea Orthopnea Dyspnea Pulmonary Edema Chronic cough ```
264
Right Sided CHF Systems
``` pressure backing up into venous system Fluid Retention Peripheral Edema Hepatic congestion Abdominal scites ```
265
Most Common CHF
Left Ventricular Systolic
266
CHF symptoms are bilateral or unilateral?
BILATERAL
267
DVT symptoms are unilateral or bilateral?
Unilateral
268
CHF Labs/Images
BUN BNP Chest Xray EGK/ECG
269
CHF Med
Furosemide (Lasix)
270
Chronic CHF Meds
ACE Diuretic Nitro
271
Most common cause of Right Side Heart Failure
Left Side Heart Failure
272
Type A aortic dissection
involves arch of aorta proximal to Left subclavian
273
Type B aortic dissection
occurs in proximal descending aorta
274
Aortic Dissection Physical Findings
Sudden sever chest pain radiating to back ripping or tearing HTN paralysis
275
Type A tx
immediate surgery
276
Aortic dissection treatment goal
lower blood pressure to 100-120 | and HR to 80
277
Dissecting Aorta meds
betablockers
278
Spontaneous Dissection associated with what Diagnosis (2)
HTN | Bicuspid aortic valve
279
Visceral Layer of heart
Epicardium
280
Pericarditis most common cause
Viral
281
Pericarditis viruses
Cox and Echo
282
Pericarditis bacteria
Small pox Gon-Chlamydia Lyme
283
Pericarditis physical findings
Worse supine; alleviated by tripod | Fever*
284
Pericarditis Meds
Aspirin | NSAIDS
285
Myocarditis Findings
Sinus Tachy out of proportion to fever | retrosternal chest pain
286
Myocarditis tx
Rest fluids px control
287
Myocarditis Tx if bacterial
antibiotics
288
Myocarditis Tx if signs of CHF
diuretics
289
Endocarditis common causes
bacteria or fungal | IV drug use
290
Common Endocarditis bacteria
Strep
291
IV Drug use endocarditis usually affects what side
Right Side
292
Endocarditis Findings
``` Fever splinter hemorrhages (on nails) Janeway lesions (palms and soles) Roth Spots (eyes) ```
293
Endocarditis Empiric Tx
Ertapenem Vancomycin Ceftriaxone
294
Endocarditis required labs
3 sets of blood cultures
295
Pericardial Tamponade
accumulation of fluid in pericardium; prevents venous return and filling
296
Pericardial Tamponade findings
``` Becks triad tachy chest px hypotension 10mmg SBP fall during respirations ```
297
Beck's Triad
1. muffled heart sounds 2. JVD 3. hypotension
298
Pericardial Tamponade EKG
Sinus Tachy
299
Pericardial Tamponade definitive tx
Pericardiocentesis
300
Cardiac Contusion
blunt force trauma to the chest
301
Cardiac Contusion Sx
chest wall px severe anterior chest injury tachycardia
302
Cardiac Contusion Tx
Repeat EKGs | Analgesics
303
Lower extremity deep veins 4
Popliteal Posterior Tibial Anterior Tibial Femoral Veins
304
Virchow's triad
Venous stasis hypercoagulable state injury to vessel wall
305
Lift threatening consequence of DVT
Pulmonary Embolism
306
Medication that increases DVT risk
Birth Control do not forget this card
307
DVT findings
``` Homan's sign pain redness swelling warmth ```
308
If unilateral leg swelling rule out
DVT
309
If bilateral leg swelling consider
CHF
310
DVT med tx
anticoagulants -arin heparin or Lovenox
311
Pulmonary Embolism Findings
Positive Virchow's Triad | stasis, vessel injury, hypercoagulability
312
PE EKG
Sinus Tachy with T wave changes
313
PE meds
-arin | heparin or Lovenox
314
2 Serous Pericardial Layers
Parietal Layer fused to Pericardium | Visceral Layer aka Epicardium
315
3 artery layers
Adventia Media Intima
316
What heart layer houses the valves?
Endocardium
317
Benefit of exercise
better control of BP

Cardio boi (2 decks)

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