Pupillary defects

Question 1

Whate are the categories of pupil abnormalities

Answer 1

Abnormal pupil size
Abnormal pupil reaction

Question 2

Condition with abnormal pupil size

Answer 2

Adies tonic pupil
Horner’s syndrome

Question 3

What is blocked in adie’s tonic pupil

Answer 3

Parasympathetic block

Question 4

What is blocked in horner’s syndrome

Answer 4

Sympathetic block

Question 5

Condition with abnormal pupil reaction

Answer 5

Marcus gun pupil
Parinauds syndrome
Argyll Robertson pupil

Question 6

Points to remember in pupillary defect/ anomalies.

Answer 6

> Any lesion located from the retina to the pretectal nucleus is considered a relative afferent pupillary defect.

> Any lesion located from pre-ganglionic to post ganlionic fiber is considered a telative afferent pupillary defect.

Question 7

Defect with lesion is at retina—> pretectal nucleus

Answer 7

Relative afferent pupillar defect

Question 8

Defect when lesion is at preganglionic —> postganglionic

Answer 8

Relative efferent pupillary defect

Question 9

Location of lesion if relative afferent pupillary defect

Answer 9

Retina

Question 10

Location pf lesion if relative efferent pupillary defect

Answer 10

Pre-ganglionic to post-anlionic fiber

Question 11

What are the diseases that can cause marcus gun?

Answer 11

CRAO
CRVO
BRVO
Optic Atrophy
Marked retinal Detachment
Asymmetric POAG

Question 12

T/F | Does a loss of vision due to corneal, lenticular, vitreous refractive or emotional can produce marcus gun response?

Answer 12

F

Question 13

What is the method of diagnosis in marcus gun?

Answer 13

Swinging flashlight test

Question 14

In an affected eye with marcus gun the ____?response is greater than ____?

Answer 14

Consensual
Direct

Question 15

What will happen when the light is directed into the normal right eye? (Direct and consensual) bothe eyes are _____?

Answer 15

Smaller

Question 16

In patient with marcus gun, when the light is directed into affected eye, both eyes are____

Answer 16

Larger

Question 17

It is a parasympathetic condition that is central and bilateral in nature.

Answer 17

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Question 18

What are the 3 characteistic of Argyll Robertson Pupil?

Answer 18

Dilates poorly in the darkness
Does not respont to light
Normal near response

Question 19

What caused Alrgyll robertson pupil?

Answer 19

By interruption in the pattern of CN2 and CN3

Question 20

In Argyll Robertson Pupil, any interruption of both afferent pathway and central inhibitory fibers ______ to tge aqueduct

Answer 20

Ventral

Question 21

What are the common causes of Argyll Robertson?

Answer 21

Neurosyphilis
Long term diabetes
Alcoholism

Question 22

It is a bacterial Infection of the brain or spinal cord.

Answer 22

Neurosyphilis

Question 23

It is usually occur in people who have untreated syphilis for many years.

Answer 23

Neurosyphilis

Question 24

What are the 4 types of neurosyphilis?

Answer 24

Primary
Secondary
Latent
Tertiary

Question 25

What is Syphilis?

Answer 25

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)

Question 26

How does syphilis spread?

Answer 26

Spreads through Syphilis Sores

Question 27

T/F | is syphilis is treatable and relatively simple to prevent?

Answer 27

T

Question 28

What will happen if syphilis is untreated?

Answer 28

It will develop to Neurosyphilis (life threatining disease)

Question 29

Slowly progressive degeneration of the spinal cord that occur in the tertiary (third) phase of syphilis.

Answer 29

Tabes dorsalis

Question 30

What is the form of neurosyphilis that is Rare?

Answer 30

Tabes Dorsalis

Question 31

Other name of Tabes Dorsalis?

Answer 31

Syphilitic Myelopathy

Question 32

How many years does a tabes doralis affect the spinal cord after the initial syphilis infection?

Answer 32

20 years or more

Question 33

Tabes Dorsalis was characterized by ____, ____, _____?

Answer 33

Gait unsteadiness, lighting pains and urinary incontinence.

Question 34

It is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to relative or absolute insulin deficiency.

Answer 34

Long term diabetes mellitus

Question 35

Long term diabetes mellitus is a disease of?

Answer 35

Pancreas (organ that produces insulin)

Question 36

_______? Works together with glucose in the bloodstream to help it enter the body cells to be burned for energy.

Answer 36

Insulin

Question 37

What happened if the insulin isn’t fuctioning properly?

Answer 37

The glucose cannot enter the cells

Question 38

What is a Central Defect?

Answer 38

Parinaud’s sydrome

Question 39

A lesion affecting the _____? and ______? with interruption to the __________?

Answer 39

Posterior commissure Pretectal Nuclei More dorsal afferent light pathway

Question 40

What happened if you have parinaud’s syndrome?

Answer 40

Large Pupil Constrictly Briskly to an acommodative target Constrict poorly to light (dilate)

Question 41

Parinaud’s syndrome other names:

Answer 41

Dorsal midbrain Pretectal Sylvian aqueduct or Koerbesalus-Elshing Syndrome

Question 42

Associated symptoms in Parinaud’s syndrome!

Answer 42

Vertical Gaze Defecit Collier’s sign Convergence- retraction nystagmus

Question 43

Other name of Marcus Gun?

Answer 43

Pupillary Escape