Puritan Threat

Question 1

When did the Marian exiles return?

Answer 1

1559

Question 2

What were the Marian exiles religious severity?

Answer 2

Calvinists from Church of Geneva

Question 3

Who were the Puritans?

Answer 3

Calvinists- Conformists, Presbyterian and Separatists

Question 4

What was the first sign of threat from the Puritans?

Answer 4

Vestment Controversy (petition against the clothing). This was easily diffused by Parker who held a fashion show in London in response and removed 37 clergy men

Question 5

What was the overall Puritan threat under Parliament?

Answer 5

Difficulties over Puritans in Parliament was kept on top of by Elizabeth

Question 6

How threatening was Puritan Prophesying in 1570?

Answer 6

It indoctrinated views but were harmless. Mainly was just out to improve standards of the clergy and clerical education. Elizabeth felt threatened. This resulted in her punishing her Archbishop

Question 7

How threatening was the Classical Movement?

Answer 7

Major groups met, challenged Elizabeths beliefs, discussed scriptures and common problems, aimed to reorganise the government of the church along the lines of Calvinism in Geneva. More of a threat

Question 8

What key members met in the classical movement (a few not from september and all 2 septembers)

Answer 8

John Field, Cartwright, Peter Wentworth, Anthony Cope, Peter Turner, Walter Strickland. In September, included Robert Browne, Henry Barrow and John Greenwood

Question 9

Who was Thomas Cartwright?

Answer 9

Thomas Cartwright was a Cambridge professor and a leading academic to attack settlement and office of bishops. Because of this, freedom of speech was removed in professorship

Question 10

Who were John Field and Thomas Wilcox and what did they do 1572?

Answer 10

They were ministers who published ‘Admotion to Parliament’- asking church heirachy to be replaced. They were arrested and imprisoned

Question 11

Whats the significance of Thomas Cartwright, John Field and Thomas Wilcox in the increase of Puritan membership?

Answer 11

Students debated their ideas, so highly established groups were becoming Puritans

Question 12

When was the vestment controversy?

Answer 12

Between 1559-1563

Question 13

What greater impact did the Puritan Prophesying cause in 1576?

Answer 13

Archbishop Edmund Grindall (a puritan sympathiser) refused Elizabeths orders as he believed it served a useful purpose. For challenging her authority he was suspended for not carrying out orders to suppress and was put under house arrest until his death (1583)

Question 14

How was the Classical Movement responded to?

Answer 14

Archbishop John Whitgift laid down regulations and improved clerical standards of uniformity. This included High Commission, 24 Questions and 300-400 were removed from office.

Question 15

When did Elizabeth prevent religion to be discussed in parliament?

Answer 15

1572

Question 16

What bill did Strickland push from in Parliament in April 1571? What was the response?

Answer 16

Bill to remove Catholic practice in the Book of Common Prayer. He was prevented from attending the House of Commons

Question 17

What was the response of further bills being pushed for greater reform in 1571-72?

Answer 17

Puritan ministers had licenses cancelled and the writer of Attack of Church from Admotion to parliament was arrested

Question 18

What did Peter Wentworth attack in 1976 in Parliament?

Answer 18

He attacked clerical abuses and was later imprisoned

Question 19

What bill was produced for parliament in 1584?

Answer 19

To change the Church to Calvin of Geneva

Question 20

What did Peter Wentworth do in Parliament in 1587?

Answer 20

Stood up against religious matters- imprisoned in the tower of london

Question 21

What Puritan resistances occurred in parliament in 1593?

Answer 21

Bill and Book by Anthony Cope 2 bills by James Morrise against unlawful imprisonment

Question 22

What did the Separatists do?

Answer 22

Published pamphlets illegally to practice freedom of speech. They were a small minority who wanted to be separate from the church

Question 23

What pamphlets have the Separatists published?

Answer 23

Disciplinale Ecclesiale by Walter Travels in 1573, criticising congregation Martin Marprelates Tracts in 1589 of crude images attacking bishops, but this did not help their image.

Question 24

When did the Separatists actively try to separate from Church of England?

Answer 24

In the end of 1580s, led by Robert Browne

Question 25

What was the response to the separatist movement in the late 1580s?

Answer 25

Government destroyed printing presses and imprisoned extremists. Robert Browne was executed in 1593

Question 26

Did the separatist movement end when Robert Browne was executed?

Answer 26

No, Henry Barrow and John Greenwood took over

Question 27

What acts/ laws were passed in response to the separatist movement?

Answer 27

Act of Seditious Secretaries in 1593 Defence of Anglican Church by Richard Hooker The Law of Ecclesiastical Policy - attacking Puritans by Richard Baneroff in 1593.

Question 28

Why was it so difficult to officially suppress the puritans?

Answer 28

The governments methods were too strict when the Puritans wanted to be heard Had high level support from people lick Leicester and Warwick, had sympathy from high status clergy like Eridal Jewel and were supported by graduate students

Question 29

When was the Geneva Bible in England?

Answer 29

1560

Question 30

When was the Calvin institute ?

Answer 30

1561

Question 31

How was there some strength to the Puritan movement?

Answer 31

Preachers were either abroad or protected by the Privy Council Nobles and gentry established lectureship and increased preaching outside government control

Question 32

How was there some limitations to the Puritan movement?

Answer 32

No agreed doctrine Very Bible centred (needed to be literate) Martin Marprelate Tracts damaged the cause and reputation Leaders were losing the will to fight on

Question 33

How did Whitgift's reforms weaken the Puritan movement?

Answer 33

Whitgift forced conformity through 3 articles (subscribe or be suspended)

Question 34

What was the Protestant censensus?

Answer 34

Calvinism (agreed by all elites- including Cartwright, Whitgift, Leicester, Cecil etc)

Question 35

What was the difference between Elizabeths religon and the Protestant consensus?

Answer 35

Theological difference. Elizabeth lay more on the Lutheran severity

Question 36

What was the difference between Whitgift and Carwrights views on Calvinist church?

Answer 36

Whitgift believed the the churches main function was to teach Christs message. Cartwright believed Church sould be active in their spirituality - e.g. Prophsying the key matters of theology

Question 37

What was Whitgifts view on the handleship of Catholicism?

Answer 37

Whitgift believed the Church to be capable of identifying and controlling popery, false docternine and sin through order and discipline

Question 38

What was Cartwrights view on the handleship of Catholicism?

Answer 38

He believed that the forces of the antichrist were so pervasive and supernaturally strong that no opening could be allowed for them to enter. Therefore all popery should be uprooted, sinners cut off and the church should follow scriptures in all detail as any human interpretation risked influence from the anti-christ.

Question 39

What was Carwrights view of Elizabeths handleship of the Catholics?

Answer 39

He believed that the church was too papist, so any sign of Catholicism must be eradicated. He believed the devil can lead humans astray when they form the church based on interpretation of the bible.

Question 40

What did Presbytarian disagree with in Elizabeths church?

Answer 40

They disagreed with having bishops and archbishops (a hierachy) because there is no evidence of this in the Bible. It was believed human interpretation led to the devil slipping in to corrupting the church.

Question 41

How were the Puritans identified and how were they restricted from gaining power?

Answer 41

Puritans were not a separatist sect out the CofE Puritans were not members of an opposition group in Parliament They could be identified by their intensity, piety and commintment to further religious reform

Question 42

Why did Sampson intiate the controversy?

Answer 42

Sampson (May 1565) - a dan of Oxford and marian exile. He was deprived office by the queen for refusing to wear the clerical dress (as he believed it prevented him from the laity and was not allowed in the Bible= as Jesus acts against the pirest for wearing different clothes than the people )

Question 43

What was Parkers response to the Vestment Controversy?

Answer 43

Parker's Advertisement in 1566 - modelled the dress and concessions were made (e.g. havng no surplice at communion)

Question 44

What was Bullinger (leading reformer in Switzerland) response to the Vestment controversy?

Answer 44

He pointed out that disobedience threatened all English protestantism. This reassured the majority of the bishops.

Question 45

What was John Jewel and Grindall (conformist) response to the Vestment Controversy?

Answer 45

They sympathised with Sampson but would not risk progress so far with leaving posts and would obey the queen for the sake on unity.

Question 46

Whatw as the first public criticism from the Presbytarians in 1570? What was the response?

Answer 46

Criticism of the structure of the CofE by Cartwright, who lectured at Cambridge that Elizabethan CofE differed from the CHurch of the New Testament and reform was needed- Cartwright. He lost his professorship ('chair')

Question 47

Who published the Admotion to Parliament and when?

Answer 47

Field and Wilcox in 1572 as a parliament petition.

Question 48

What was Susan Doran's interpertation of the the Admotion to Parliament?

Answer 48

She argues tht this was never intended to be passed as they knew it was too radical for Parliament to accept- it was an appeal to public opinion

Question 49

What was the general opinion of the Admotion to Parliament?

Answer 49

Sampson (leader of Vestment controversy) kept his distance from the movement Thomas Norton (who was trying to introduce bills to reform the Prayer Book) also believed this was harmful

Question 50

What was the result of the Presbytarian movement, Admotion to Parliament?

Answer 50

Presbytarians - marginal force withing Elizabeth's puritanists Field and Wilcox sent to prison BUT it was widely read - so it successfully formed public opinion

Question 51

How did Parker and Bullinger describe the Vestment arrangement in attempts to reassure bishops?

Answer 51

He employed the ida of ADIAPHORA ('the thing indifferent to salvation' - religious practces which might not in themselves be welcome, but which were not likely to affect ones predesitination.

Question 52

What did the Three Arcticles (1583, by Whitigift) consist of?

Answer 52

1) Required the ministers the accept Royal Supremacy 2) Required an agreement of the Book of Common Prayer and the Ordinal contained nothing contrary to the word of God 3) Subscribers had to acknowledge that the Thirty Nine Articles were similarly agreeable to the word of God. Ex officio oath- If a bishop was under suspicion they were forced to take oath and answer all questions truthfully

Question 53

What was Anthony Copes Bill and Book in Feb 1587?

Answer 53

Proposed replacing the Book of Common Prayer and replacing it with versions of the Geneva Prayer Book which icorporated a fully Presbytarian system of church government.

Question 54

When was the Martin Marprelate tracts and what were they?

Answer 54

1588-9. Were Puritan pamphlets that wer outrageous satirical and bitter attacks of the title 'Martin bishop smasher' . Described Whitgift as the 'pope of London'

Question 55

What Cartwrights response to the Martin Marprelates?

Answer 55

He was quick to disassociate himself from the tracts.

Question 56

How did Henry Barrow and John Greenwood contribute to the separatist movement?

Answer 56

They were imprisoned for years but were able to arrange to have several of their works published abroad. They were executed in 1593, under 'An Act to retain the Qeens subjects in obedience'- resultably giving separatist a number of unpalattable options.

Question 57

What were the weaknesses of the Separatists?

Answer 57

The were numerically insignificant They had no powerful supporters to protect against the government. It lacked unity.

Question 58

What happened under the Second Admotion?

Answer 58

Pro-Presbytarian pamphlet Whitgift in 1572-1573 publishes a response Carwright publishes a defence - becoming a pamphlet war

Question 59

What was the significance of the second admotion for the overall presbytarian movement.

Answer 59

Keeps the issue of Presbytarianism in the public eye for 2 decades Presbytarians therefore made the most persistant challenge

Question 60

How far did the Second Admotion cause presbytarianism to spread? Why?

Answer 60

Presbytarian leadership started in London and Cambridgeshire. It spread to Norfolk/ Northamptonshire and Shropshire- getting lay (common) support because of the counter reformation threat of the excommunication (1570) and Ridolfi plot (1571)

Question 61

Why did Cecil and Leiceter support the Presbytarian movement?

Answer 61

They were motivated by anti catholic sentiment causing them to support the presbytarian cause. They felt that now was not the time to silence protestant minister- assuring the strength of the protestant cause (to protect her)

Question 62

Who did Burghley protect (presbytarian)?

Answer 62

A preacher called Dering was protected from suspension by Burghley

Question 63

Who did Leicester protect (presbytarian)?

Answer 63

Wake was prevented from suspension by Leicester

Question 64

What does Deran argue about Presbytarian protection?

Answer 64

He argues that without the patronage of men like Cecil and Leicester, the movement would have died at birth.

Question 65

What is the significance of Matthew Parker in the Presbytarian movement?

Answer 65

He tries to repress Presbytarianists with some success. Travers, Cartwright and Field are exiled to Geneva BUT Parker died in 1575.

Question 66

What does Grindal do for the Presbytarian movement?

Answer 66

He tries to heal the divisions but falls out with the Queen. Causing his house arrest in 1577 until death of 1583.

Question 67

What does Cecil and Leicester do for the Prtestant cause in response to the CAtholic threat of 1579-1583?

Answer 67

Cecil and leicester were alarmed to see energy spent on depriving the protestants. Cecil encourages Travers to return as Chaplin to his own household Leicester and Knollys get a preaching license and lecture position for John Field The Presbytarian movement survived as a reult/

Question 68

What does John Field do once he is encouraged to lecture again ?

Answer 68

John Field becomes the centre of the movement- decinding to try and change the church from within in the hope of taking over the official church.

Question 69

What does John Field do in attempt to change the church from within?

Answer 69

He kept in contact with ministers all over the country. In 1584 Parliamentary Elections, they lobbed MPs for change (so getting more MPs to support the Puritan cause), they won a few seats in parliament - no big games, even in Puritan stronghold e.g. Leicester

Question 70

Why is John Fields attempt to change the church from within unsuccessful?

Answer 70

Whitgift was the Archbishop of Cantebury and therefore there was little hope. This is around the time when Parliament refuses to read Turners bill and even ore moderate Puritan bills.

Question 71

What did Whitgift do to impose conformity?

Answer 71

Introduced a series of Reforms to remove abuses that made the CofE vulnerable to Puritan attack To throw out anyone who refused to conform with the Prayer book.

Question 72

What happened when Whitgift tried to throw out people who didnt conform to the Prayer Book?

Answer 72

Cecil and Leicester protested and so Whitgift eventually had to compromise- saying to just use it for outward conformity. People agree to conform but to not be questioned of their opinion, which was acceptable as Elizabeth did not want to 'form windows into mens hearts'

Question 73

How was Whitgift firm towards Cecil and Leicester?

Answer 73

He resists attempts by Cecil and Leicester to support the ring leaders - Cartwirght was refused a license to preach when requested by Leicester.

Question 74

What was the Puritan response to Whitgift? What happened to them?

Answer 74

Through Parliament: Anthony Cope bill in 1587 - radical but granted a reading due to strong anti-Catholic feeling as a result of the Babington Plot. This caused Elizabeth to take action, ordering Cope and 4 MP's to the tower. Commons then caved in and did not protest

Question 75

What did Puritans do as a result of WHitgift muzzling the Puritan press (causing no opportunity for publicity)?

Answer 75

Presbytarian sought to establish a shadow Church but there wasnt enough national strength, nor was there unity. As many were not prepared to become non-conformists.

Question 76

What factors caused the Presbytarian movement to hinder and be silenced by 1586?

Answer 76

Whitgift joins the Privy Council, Hatton became Lord Chancellor, Leicester and Walsingham had died, as did Field in 1588- causing there to be no presbytarian campagin in 1589 Parliament. Plus there was the Armada success in 1588, showing that God was on her side and that there was nothing unGodly about her church

Question 77

What was Presbytarian response to the Martin Marprelate Tracts in 1588-9?

Answer 77

They were shocked of their foul language - including Carwirght and Travers. Cartwright immediately said that he was not responsible- showing the conflict within their own group

Question 78

What is Whitgift overall successful for in handling the Church?

Answer 78

He is successful in reassuring the bishops that although the Church may not be perfect, it is better than Catholicism, motivating more Bishops to outwardly conform.