PURSUING WISDOM & FACING CHALLENGES

Question 1

Difference that makes a person unique

Answer 1

Diversity

Question 2

What is one of the reasons why we need to study Philosophy?

Answer 2

Introductory Statement

Question 3

What is the meaning of the Greek words “Philo” and “Sophia”

Answer 3

“to love” and “wisdom”

Question 4

Philosophy originally meant

Answer 4

Love of Wisdom

Question 5

What is the goal of Philosophy?

Answer 5

Wisdom

Question 6

Philosophy is defined as

Answer 6

1. Science
2. Natural light of Reason
3. First cause or Highest Principle
4. Study of all things

Question 7

An organized body of knowledge just like any other sciences

Answer 7

Science

Question 7

Because the investigation is systematic

Answer 7

Science

Question 8

It investigates things not by using laboratory or investigative tools

Answer 8

Natural Light of Reason

Question 9

In the natural light of reason, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes ________

Answer 9

theology

Question 10

Philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the so called unaided reason

Answer 10

Natural light of Reason

Question 11

Philosophy is not one-dimensional or partial like other sciences

Answer 11

Study of all things

Question 12

A philosopher does not limit himself to a particular object of inquiry

Answer 12

Study of all things

Question 13

Philosophy questions almost everything, if not everything. It is multidimensional or holistic

Answer 13

Study of all things

Question 14

A principle is that from which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever.

Answer 14

First cause or highest principle

Question 15

Whatever is is; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being

Answer 15

Principle of Identity

Question 16

It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect

Answer 16

Principle of Non-Contradiction

Question 17

A thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or neither; between being and not being, there is no middle ground possible.

Answer 17

Principle of Excluded Middle

Question 18

Nothing exist without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.

Answer 18

Principle of Sufficient Reason

Question 19

Domain of Philosophy

Answer 19

1. Nature of the Universe
2. Standard Justice
3. Validity of knowledge
4. Correct application of reason
5. Criteria of Beauty

Question 20

A division of philosophy that is concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being.

Answer 20

Metaphysics

Question 21

It is an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to KNOW WHAT IS REAL.

Answer 21

Metaphysics

Question 22

Metaphysician’s task is to explain that part of our experiences which we call

Answer 22

Unreal and Real

Question 23

In our everyday lives, we attempt to understand the world in terms of;

Answer 23

Appearance and Reality

Question 24

He claimed that everything we experience is water-which we call “reality” and everything else is “appearance.”

Answer 24

Thales

Question 25

Both are based on unobservable entities: Mind and Matter

Answer 25

Idealist and Materialist

Question 26

According to him: “Nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses is real.”

Answer 26

Plato

Question 27

Socrtes' Most Famous Student

Answer 27

Plato

Question 28

Reality is just the opposite. It is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and can be detected only by the intellect.

Answer 28

Plato

Question 29

He called the mentioned realities as IDEAS OF FORMS.

Answer 29

Plato

Question 30

It is a branch of Philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.

Answer 30

Ethics

Question 31

It is generally a study of the nature of moral judgments.

Answer 31

Ethics

Question 32

Philosophical ethics attempts to provide an account of our fundamental ethical ideas.

Answer 32

Ethics

Question 33

It is a branch of Philosophy that deals with the nature, sources, limitations and validity of knowledge

Answer 33

Epistemology

Question 34

It addresses varied problems: the reliability, extend and kinds of knowledge; truth and language; and science and scientific knowledge

Answer 34

Epistemology

Question 35

How to acquire reliable knowledge

Answer 35

Sense of Experience and Reason

Question 36

Methods of Acquisition: (Sense of Experience) General ideas are formed from examination of particular facts.

Answer 36

Induction (sense experience)

Question 37

JOHN LOCKE: Philosophers who feel that knowledge is acquired in this way are called __________

Answer 37

Empiricist

Question 38

This is a view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience.

Answer 38

Empiricism

Question 39

It is more important to find a general law according to which particular facts can be understood or judged.

Answer 39

Deduction (reason)

Question 40

RENE DESCARTES: Advocates of deduction are called __________

Answer 40

Rationalist

Question 41

They hold that a realm of knowledge is based on logic, laws and methods that reason develops.

Answer 41

Rationalist (reason)

Question 42

This believes that value in use is the test of truth and meaning.

Answer 42

Pragmatism

Question 43

Meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequences.

Answer 43

Pragmatism

Question 44

Pragmatism

Answer 44

William James and John Dewey

Question 45

The branch of philosophy that analyses inference.

Answer 45

Logic

Question 46

__________ is the concern of the logician.

Answer 46

Reasoning

Question 47

_________ is essential in science and medicine, in ethics and law, in politics and commerce, in sports and games and in mundane affairs of everyday living.

Answer 47

Reasoning

Question 48

It comes from the Greek word logike which means “the word” or “what is spoken.”

Answer 48

Logic

Question 49

Greek word "Logike" which means?

Answer 49

what is spoken

Question 50

Its concern is the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such subjects.

Answer 50

Logic

Question 51

He was the first Philosopher to device the logical method.

Answer 51

Aristotle

Question 52

He drew upon the emphasis on the “universal” in Socrates, negation in Parmenides and Plato and the reduction to the absurd of Zeno of Elea.

Answer 52

Aristotle

Question 53

One of the successors of Aristotle. He founded a movement known as STOICISM, derived from the Greek word “Stoa Poikile” (Painted Porch)

Answer 53

Zeno of Citium

Question 54

The Painted Porch referred to the portico (porch) in Athens where the early adherents held their regular meetings.

Answer 54

Zeno of Citium

Question 55

It is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty.

Answer 55

Aesthetics

Question 56

Importance of Aesthetics because of the following:

Answer 56

1. It vitalizes our knowledge 2. It helps us to live more deeply and richly 3. It bring us in touch with our culture

Question 57

He is a German Philosopher argues that our tastes and judgment regarding beauty, work in connection with one’s personal experiences and culture.

Answer 57

Hans-Georg Gadamer

Question 58

All three arose as critical reflection on their own cultural tradition.

Answer 58

1. Greek (Western) 2. Chinese 3. Indian

Question 59

There is a cycle of rebirths within the various spheres of life, the vegetative, animal and human.

Answer 59

Samsara or Rebirth

Question 60

Terms that show sharing of one’s self to others. For Mercado (1992), inferiority manifest itself in freedom.

Answer 60

Kagandahang-loob, Kabutihang-loon, and Kalooban

Question 61

Looks at life as a series of ups and downs. This Philosophy of life makes the Filipino an unmitigated optimist.

Answer 61

Gulong ng Palad

Question 62

When the so-called wheel of life is on the downtrend, he looks to the future with hope because life’s wheel can’t stay down forever. When one weeps, one will surely smile. The Filipino looks upon every events, fortunate or unfortunate, as fleeting or transitory

Answer 62

Gulong ng Palad

Question 63

Interpreted as always delayed in the committed time of arrival. This notion can be misleading since the Filipino farmers are early risers to go to their field and give all the time for work.

Answer 63

Filipino Time

Question 64

The pre-Spanish Filipino people believed in the supreme being which we call _______________

Answer 64

Batula o Bathala

Question 65

__________ not a personal entity but rather a personal being that keeps the balance in the universe

Answer 65

Bathala

Question 66

It is in one aspect perceived as courage to take the risk.

Answer 66

Bahala na

Question 67

_________ is seen as fatalistic; sort of leaving everything to God or by chance-such is the uncertainty in life.

Answer 67

Bahala na

Question 68

_________ is universal. The will of God/ Allah, Tao to Chinese, Rta to the Indians and Fate in Buddhism, all signify in one way or another

Answer 68

Fatalism

Question 69

Reciprocating debts of gratitude between coordinates and subordinates holds the whole group together (like the family).

Answer 69

Utang na Loob

Question 70

This self-sufficiency refers not to individual self but to the family to which one owes a special debt of gratitude for having brought him life and nurtured him.

Answer 70

Utang na Loob

Question 71

__________ is another moving spirit of the Filipino people. Deep down the Filipino psyche, there exist the belief that whatever good one has done will redound to one’s benefit because a Supreme Judge will dispense just compensation whether in this life or in the next. (Mercado, 2000)

Answer 71

Bayanihan

Question 72

In this view, ROLANDO GRIPALDO said that there are four (4) important items to be considered:

Answer 72

1. Replacing colonial consciousness with a nationalist consciousness thereby doing away with colonial mentality and crab mentality; 2. Creation of super industrial society; 3. Utilization of education as the means of realizing the image of the future as super industrial society and; 4. Choose not just for one’s self but for humanity, for the nation as a whole.